Goat Farming

GOAT REARING : AN ATM OF POOR PEOPLE IN RURAL INDIA

December 18, 2020

525

GOAT REARING : AN ATM OF POOR PEOPLE IN RURAL INDIA

Dr.Sitaram Bhautik, SMS,

1 .BENEFITS OF GOAT FARMING IN INDIA
There are some benefits of domestic or commercial goat farming. If you want to start goat farming business then you must read the benefits of raising goats.
• Goats are multi-purpose animals which can produce milk, meat, fiber, skin together.
• Compared to cow and other livestock farming, goat farming requires less space and additional facilities. They have a less demand of housing and other management. In small scale production they are also able to share their homes with their owners and his/her other livestock.
• Production costs like infrastructure, feeding and treatment are less.
• You don’t have to think about marketing your farm products. Because there are already an established market in the country for marketing your products.
• It is really very easy to maintain a goat farm compared to other farm animals.
• Goats can adopt themselves with almost all types of agro-climatic conditions. And diseases are less in goats.
• They are smaller in size but reach slaughter age faster.
• Goat products like meat and milk has no religious taboo. And highly accepted for consumption throughout the world.

Goat Milk:- Doctors recommend goat milk for its health benefits & therapeutic values. Compared to cow or buffalo milk, goat milk is deemed far closer to mother’s milk in its chemical structure and digestibility. It also has better composition of proteins and useful amino acids, lending it anti-inflammatory and immunity boosting traits to guard against infections. Besides, can be milked any time of the day (ATM – any time milk), thus acquiring the well deserved epithet of “mobile milk vending machine” or “walking refrigerators”.

II. SELECT A SUITABLE LOCATION/SITE FOR GOAT FARMING
Almost all areas of India are very suitable for goat farming. You can select a land for goat farming near your home or select a land which has all types of facilities for successful goat farming business. While selecting land for starting goat farming business, consider the followings.
• Select a suitable land that has a great source of fresh and clean water.
• Suitable for grass, crop and other green plants production. These are used as goat feed to reduce supplementary feeding cost.
• The selected land will not be too far from the market or town.
• Ensure there is a suitable market near your selected area for purchasing necessary commodities and medicines.
• Find out if there are any other goat farms located in your selected area.
• A suitable market with high demands of goat products is available near the selected farm area.
• Try to select land in village area. Because, lands and labors can easily be found within very cheap rate in village areas.
• Ensure availability of all types of veterinary service in the area. If not available, stock all types of necessary vaccines and medicines in your farm.
• Good transportation system so that you can easily sell your products and buy necessary commodities from nearest market or town.

III. HOUSING OF GOATS
• The houses should be semi-closed type & orientation should be East- West direction. Sloppy roof is best for the comfort of the goats.
o Maximum length of shed = 100 ft. Width of the shed = 15-20 ft.
o Central height=3 mtrs. , Side height= 2 mtrs.
o Height of North & South side walls=1 mtr.( 50% of side height)
• There should be separate houses for keeping different category of goats such as – (dry, pregnant, lactating, sick bucks & kids).
• Shed premises should have sufficient plantation which protects the animals from direct wind & scorching sun during summer. At least 2 trees in each paddock should be planted.
• Shed Area:-

Type of goat | Floor space (Sq. mtrs) | No.of goats/ shed

Dry goat | 1.0-1.2 | 60-80
Buck | 1.5-2.0 | Individual pen
Milch goat(stall size) | 1.4×1.2 | 50-60
Kids (3-6 m.) | 0.5-0.6 | 75-100*
Kids (6-12m) | 0.8-1.0 | 60-80*

Open yard/paddock | 1.5-2.0 times of floor space in shed.

With 3-4 partition & 20-25 kids in each portion.
• Feeding Mangers: made of concrete/bricks partition with GI pipe at a distance of 30 cms. are cheap & last long.
o Outer dimensions: 8.2×0.8×0.3 m
o Inner dimensions: 8.0×0.6×0.2 m
o A manger of same dimensions is also required in each paddock.
• Watering:
o For adult: – made of concrete/bricks. Size: Inner diam.: 4.80×0.90×0.37 m.
o For kids (3-6 m. old) : 3.60×0.75×0.30 m. Height of water tank from ground level should be 30 cm & 15 cm. respectively.
o For kids (0-3 m. old) : plastic tubs of 8-10 litre capacity may be used

IV. TYPE OF FEED AND FODDER
Goat is fastidious eater & likes browsing. Common feeds & fodders of goat are :-
• Roughage
o Tree/Bushes/Shrubs leaves, Neem, Peepal, Bargad, Golar, Jamun, Angir, Babul, Jharberi, Bhimal, Ber, Mulberry, anjan, Bamboo, Subabul, Karonda, Gokhuru etc.
o Hays – Cowpea, Berseem, Oats.
o Straws – Arhar, Gram, Wheat and Paddy.
o Grasses – Dub, Anjana, Sawain, Zarga, Kankunwa etc.
o Cultivated fodders & their hay/bhusa- Lobia, bereseem, Lucerne, oats, maize, bajra, para grass.
• Concentrate
o Cheap & easily available feed ingredients shall be used for computing concentrate feed for goats. Babul Pods, Gram, Wheat Bran, GNC, Sesame Cake, Arhar Grain, Maize, owar, Bajra, Barley and Guar, Jungle Bean Pods. Mineral mixture 2% & Iodized common salt 1% shall be mixed.

V. BREEDING SEASON

Sr.No | Season | Season in Heat | Kidding Season | Remark

c | Winter | Oct – Nov | Jan – Feb |

a. Kidding=80-90%, b. Twinning=40%, c. Triplicate=10%, d. Single=50%

VI. LIVESTOCK TERMINOLOGY FOR: GOAT &SHEEP
• Buck – an adult, male rabbit or goat
• Doe – an adult, female rabbit or goat
• Ewe – a mature female sheep
• Kid – a young goat
• Kidding – a process of giving birth in goat
• Lactation – milk yielding period
• Lamb – a sheep less than one year in age
• Lambing – a process of giving birth in sheep
• Livestock – domestic farm animals kept for productive purposes (meat, milk, work, wool)
• Market animal – livestock bred and produced for food consumption
• Ram/Buck- An uncastrated male sheep
• Wether – a castrated shortly after birth male sheep or goat
This article is part of a series I am writing on goat farming that will provide basic introduction, information about a centrally sponsored scheme, project cost at a glance, goat farm register for record keeping, and general tips on goat farming.
Here are some general recommended practices for goat farming regarding housing of goats, feed and fodder, and vaccination and deworming schedule.
Housing of Goats

The houses should be semi-closed type and orientation should be along the east-west direction. Sloped roof is best for the comfort of the goats.
Maximum length of shed = 100 ft.
Width of the shed = 15-20 ft.
Central height = 3 m
Side height= 2 m
Height of north/south side walls=1 m (50% of side height)
There should be separate houses for keeping different category of goats such as:
dry,
pregnant,
lactating,
sick bucks, and
kids.
Shed premises should have sufficient plantation which protects the animals from direct wind and scorching sun during summer. At least two trees should be planted in each paddock.
Shed area specifications
S.No. Type of Goat Floor Space (sq. m) Goats per Shed
a Dry Goat 1-2 60-80
b Buck 1.5-2 Individual pen
c Milch Goat 1.4×1.2 50-60
d Kids (3-6 months) 0.5-0.6 75-100*
e Kids (6-12 months) 0.8-1 60-80*
o Open yard/paddock : 1.5-2.0 times of floor space in shed
o * With 3-4 partition & 20-25 kids in each portion
Feeding Mangers
Made of concrete/bricks partition with GI pipe at a distance of 30 cms. are cheap and last long.
Outer dimensions**: 8.2×0.8×0.3 m
Inner dimensions**: 8.0×0.6×0.2 m
A manger of same dimensions is also required in each paddock.
Watering
For adults
Made of concrete/bricks.
Size**: 4.80×0.90×0.37 m
For kids (3-6 months old)
Size**: 3.60×0.75×0.30 m
For kids (0-3 months old):
Plastic tubs of 8-10 litre capacity may be used
** Height of water tank from ground level should be 30cm & 15 cm. respectively.
Feed and Fodder
Goats are fastidious eaters and prefer browsing over grazing. Common feeds and fodders for the goats are as follows:

ROUGHAGES

Tree/Bushes/Shrubs leaves, Neem, Peepal, Bargad, Golar, Jamun, Angir, Babul, Jharberi, Bhimal, Ber, Mulberry, anjan, Bamboo, Subabul, Karonda, Gokhuru etc.
Hays – Cowpea, Berseem, Oats.
Straws – Arhar, Gram, Wheat and Paddy.
Grasses – Dub, Anjana, Sawain, Zarga, Kankunwa etc.
Cultivated fodders & their hay/bhusa- Lobia, bereseem, Lucerne, oats, maize, bajra, para grass.
CONCENTRATE
Cheap and easily available feed ingredients shall be used for computing concentrate feed for goats.
Babul Pods, Gram, Wheat Bran, GNC, Sesame Cake, Arhar Grain, Maize, owar, Bajra, Barley and Guar, Jungle Bean Pods.
Mineral mixture 2% and Iodized common salt 1% shall be mixed.
Vaccination and Deworming Schedule
VACCINATION
S.No. Disease and Vaccine Immunity Period Month of Vaccination
1 ETT- Enterotoxaemia 1 year Feb
2 HS – Haemorhagic Septicaemia 1 year June
3 FMD – Foot & Mouth 6 months Dec and July
DEWORMING
S.No. Name Month
1 Anthelmintic (Panacur) Nilzan Analgon etc July and Sept
2 Drenching Sulmet April and Nov
3 Drenching Aprosol 1 month old kids
4 Dipping Cythion 0.5% solution April and Oct
.
Record keeping is very essential for good animal farm management and is considered one of the best practices for animal farming. It allows you to make informed decisions regarding the management and animal farming business. Record keeping does not take much time if the record register is simple and is updated frequently.
Depending on the type of goat rearing and breeding systems, the register format may differ based on an individuals’ need. In general, you may want to keep records of doe and buck history, goat breeding, kidding, kid history, health and veterinary, mortality, etc.
Creating a goat register from scratch can be overwhelming and difficult. Existing record keeping tools are either very complicated or are not free.