ROLE OF VETERINARIANS TO DOUBLE THE INCOME OF FARMERS
Compiled & edited by-DR RAJESH KUMAR SINGH ,JAMSHEDPUR, 9431309542,rajeshsinghvet@gmail.com
One of the major policy initiatives of the National Democratic Alliance government in the agricultural sector is that of doubling farmers’ incomes by 2022. This is a laudable objective and, therefore, has generated a lot of academic and popular interest. The need to focus on farmers’ incomes instead of production or the growth rate in agriculture stems from the fact that there has been agrarian distress in the sector for the last two decades. Official recognition of the distress and the agrarian crisis came in the form of a NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) survey in 2003, which reported that 40% of Indian farmers disliked farming as a profession due to its low profits, high risk, and the lack of social status and, therefore, would like to leave it at the first opportunity .They were continuing to farm in the absence of opportunities outside agriculture. Further, there are caste-wise differences among farmers in terms of their interest in farming; the higher castes seem to be more disenchanted with farming than Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) farmers. Among the SCs and STs, the dislike for farming diminishes with increase in landholding size and increases in the case of other castes.
In India, the farmers maintain different enterprises for their complimentary and supplementary nature and for ensuring sustainable livelihood from time immemorial. After the advent of green revolution in late-1960s and economic liberalization in early-1990s, the farmers gradually started focusing on a few enterprises due to several imposing factors including shrinking farm sizes, fluctuating commodity prices, livelihood diversification and shortage of labour during peak agriculture season. It had a severe impact on food and nutritional security of millions of poor farm households. The anguish of farmers is often expressed in terms of their agitation in one or the other part of the country, unwillingness to continue farming and increasing demands of compensating their economic loss. Although suggestions are pouring in from veterinarians and agriculture experts and leaders of organisation for strengthening the income base of farmers, the government cannot implement them entirely due to compulsions from socio-economic and political considerations. However, the Government of India has made an announcement about Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022. Experts are judging the options and strategies for achieving this enviable target. One of the options is to evaluate the potential of age-old integrated farming system (IFS) in enhancing income of farm families within the reasonable time period.
Doubling farmers real income by 2022 is a goal established by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India who is challenging the status quo of all involved stakeholders. Productivity and production increases in agriculture alone will not ensure doubling farmers’ income. Meeting market demands requires a shift in mindset from “Farm to fork/plate” to “Fork to Farm”. Secondly, market- intelligence must be made available to producers using innovative partnerships and communication technologies. Lastly, the changing climate has increased vulnerability of 137 million small farm holders. New innovations to collectively benefit small farmholders through a holistic value chain by adopting science-led, climate resilient and market responsive development has to be our “New Mantra” to benefit farmers.In this mission of doubling the farmers income by 2022, The veterinary fraternity has huge role to play. Without active participation of veterinarian ,India cant think of accomplishing this herculean task.It is Animal husbandary deparment and its work force mainly veterinarians who can guide our livestock farmers to enhance their animals productivity thereby making the livestock enterprises more profitable.
Animal husbandry is an integral component of Indian agriculture supporting livelihood of more than two-thirds of the rural population. The veterinarian is committed professionally and morally with the rural community. Veterinary professionals disseminate their knowledge to the community as a whole to improve the quality of life. In our country, veterinary service literally means the difference between life and death not only for animals but also for humans as majority of our poor population depends on animals for food, income, social status or cultural identification, companionship, security, where there is nothing more important than taking care of the animals that allow adults to work, families to earn and children to eat. Veterinarians intervene in different ways in getting their household improved through technology injection and innovation in their livestock rearing by providing them technical, financial and moral support.
Some of the important points which vets can suggest and implement it through livestock farmers in order to achieve this mission-”DOUBLING THE FARMERS INCOME” are-
1.To guide the livestock farmers to implement the time bound livestock policy made by different state govt at the field level.
2.To follow up the methodology and good animal husbandry practices adopted by livestock farmers.
3.To execute the livestock related schemes run by central/state govt for the benefit of farmers.
4.To adopt modern and innovative farming techniques in AH practices.
5.To ensure the farmers for marketing their animal produce at the best profitable rate.
6.To guide farmers to adopt IFS in animal husbandry practices best suited for them in that climate and area.
7.To identify the marketing chain through cooperative federation.
8.To give the knowledge of value addition of their produce.
9.To encourage the organic animal husbandry farming among farmers .
10.To help livestock farmers in getting their financial assistance from cooperative society/banks etc.
11. Need for right information to farmers—
Several agricultural development programmes introduced by the BJP government like Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and E-National Agricultural Market (eNAM),epashuhat are of knowledge-intensive.
Profitability of the farming depends on the right information in several aspects such as: what is the right dairy cattle /livestock choice, right breed; how much feed is required; from where to purchase; how and where to sell, and what are the current market prices etc.
11. To train and educate agriculture farmers for animal husbandry practices and forward linkage with govt schemes.
12.Focus on the decrease of over all input cost or production cost of the animal produce
13. It is vets who can guide better to farmers to increase their animal produce production.
14. As per the need the livestock farmers are tought the benefit of diversification in animal husbandry practices.
15. The most important point in this mission is to ensure better selling price for farmers produce and farm processing products.
16Last but not least the vets should involve themselves in risk mitigation in animal husbandry sector related to livestock farmers.
Role of Livestock in Indian Economy—–
Livestock plays an important role in Indian economy. About 20.5 million people depend upon livestock for their livelihood. Livestock contributed 16% to the income of small farm households as against an average of 14% for all rural households. Livestock provides livelihood to two-third of rural community. It also provides employment to about 8.8 % of the population in India. India has vast livestock resources. Livestock sector contributes 4.11% GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP.
Livestock resources—–
The following are the key results of the 20th Livestock Census:
- The total Livestock population is 535.78 million in the country showing an increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census-2012
- Total Bovine population (Cattle, Buffalo, Mithun and Yak) is 302.79 Million in 2019 which shows an increase of about 1% over the previous census.
- The total number of cattle in the country in 2019 is 192.49 million showing an increase of 0.8 % over previous Census.
- The Female Cattle (Cows population) is 145.12 million, increased by 18.0% over the previous census (2012).
- The Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-descript Cattle population in the country is 50.42 million and 142.11 million respectively.
- The Indigenous/Non-descript female cattle population has increased by 10% in 2019 as compared to previous census.
- The population of the total Exotic/Crossbred Cattle has increased by 26.9 % in 2019 as compared to previous census.
- There is a decline of 6 % in the total Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle population over the previous census. However, the pace of decline of Indigenous/ Non-descript cattle population during 2012-2019 is much lesser than as compared to the 2007-12 which was about 9%.
- The total buffaloes in the country is 109.85 million showing an increase of about 1.0% over previous Census.
- The total milch animals (in-milk and dry) in cows and buffaloes is 125.34 million, an increase of 6.0 % over the previous census.
- The total sheep in the country is 74.26 million in 2019, increased by 14.1% over previous Census.
- The Goat population in the country in 2019 is 148.88 million showing an increase of 10.1% over the previous census.
- The total Pigs in the country is 9.06 Million in the current Census, declined by 12.03% over the previous Census.
- The other livestock including mithun, yak, horses, ponies, mule, donkeys, camel together contribute around 0.23% of the total livestock and their total count is 1.24 million.
- The total poultry in the country is 851.81 million in 2019, registered an increase of 16.8% in the total poultry.
- The total birds in the backyard poultry in the country is 317.07 million. The backyard poultry has increased by around 46% as compared to previous Census.
- The total Commercial Poultry in the country is 534.74 million in 2019, increased by 4.5% over previous Census.
(N.B: For Delhi, 19th livestock census figures are used)
Contribution of livestock to people—–
The livestock provides food and non-food items to the people.
1. Food: The livestock provides food items such as Milk, Meat and Eggs for human consumption. India is number one milk producer in the world. It is producing about 163.7 million tones of milk in a year (2016-17). Similarly it is producing about 88.81 billions of eggs, 8.89 million tonnes of meat in a year. The value of output of livestock sector at current prices was Rs 5,91,691 crores in 2015-16.
2. Fibre and skins: The livestock also contributes to the production of wool, hair, hides, and pelts. Leather is the most important product which has a very high export potential. India is producing about 47.9 million Kg of wool per annum.
3. Draft: Bullocks are the back bone of Indian agriculture. Despite lot of advancements in the use of mechanical power in Indian agricultural operations, the Indian farmer especially in rural areas still depend upon bullocks for various agricultural operations. The bullocks are saving a lot on fuel which is a necessary input for using mechanical power like tractors, combine harvesters etc. Pack animals like camels, horses, donkeys, ponies, mules etc are being extensively used to transport goods in different parts of the country in addition to bullocks. In situations like hilly terrains mules and ponies serve as the only alternative to transport goods. Similarly, the army has to depend upon these animals to transport various items in high areas of high altitude.
4. Dung and other animal waste materials: Dung and other animal wastes serve as very good farm yard manure and the value of it is worth several crores of rupees. In addition it is also used as fuel (bio gas, dung cakes), and for construction as poor man’s cement (dung).
5. Storage: Livestock are considered as “moving banks” because of their potentiality to dispose off during emergencies. They serve as capital and in cases of landless agricultural labourers many time it is the only capital resource they possess. Livestock serve as an asset and in case of emergencies they serve as guarantee for availing loans from the local sources such as money lenders in the villages.
6. Weed control: Livestock are also used as Biological control of brush, plants and weeds.
7. Cultural: Livestock offer security to the owners and also add to their self esteem especially when they are owning prized animals such as pedigreed bulls, dogs and high yielding cows/ buffaloes etc.
8. Sports / recreation: People also use the animals like cocks, rams, bulls etc for competition and sports. Despite ban on these animal competitions the cock fights, ram fights and bull fights (jalli kattu) are quite common during festive seasons.
9. Companion animals: Dogs are known for their faithfulness and are being used as companions since time immemorial. When the nuclear families are increasing in number and the old parents are forced to lead solitary life the dogs, cats are providing the needed company to the latter thus making them lead a comfortable life.
Role of livestock in farmers’ economy——
The livestock plays an important role in the economy of farmers. The farmers in India maintain mixed farming system i.e. a combination of crop and livestock where the output of one enterprise becomes the input of another enterprise thereby realize the resource efficiency. The livestock serve the farmers in different ways.
1. Income: Livestock is a source of subsidiary income for many families in India especially the resource poor who maintain few heads of animals. Cows and buffaloes if in milk will provide regular income to the livestock farmers through sale of milk. Animals like sheep and goat serve as sources of income during emergencies to meet exigencies like marriages, treatment of sick persons, children education, repair of houses etc. The animals also serve as moving banks and assets which provide economic security to the owners.
2. Employment: A large number of people in India being less literate and unskilled depend upon agriculture for their livelihoods. But agriculture being seasonal in nature could provide employment for a maximum of 180 days in a year. The land less and less land people depend upon livestock for utilizing their labour during lean agricultural season.
3. Food: The livestock products such as milk, meat and eggs are an important source of animal protein to the members of the livestock owners.
4. Social security: The animals offer social security to the owners in terms of their status in the society. The families especially the landless which own animals are better placed than those who do not. Gifting of animals during marriages is a very common phenomenon in different parts of the country. Rearing of animals is a part of the Indian culture. Animals are used for various socio religious functions. Cows for house warming ceremonies; rams, bucks and chicken for sacrifice during festive seasons; Bulls and Cows are worshipped during various religious functions. Many owners develop attachment to their animals.
5. Draft : The bullocks are the back bone of Indian agriculture. The farmers especially the marginal and small depend upon bullocks for ploughing, carting and transport of both inputs and outputs.
6. Dung: In rural areas dung is used for several purposes which include fuel (dung cakes), fertilizer (farm yard manure), and plastering material (poor man’s cement).
Livestock Population – Major Species
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 190.90 | 192.49 | 0.83 |
| Buffalo | 108.70 | 109.85 | 1.06 |
| Sheep | 65.07 | 74.26 | 14.13 |
| Goat | 135.17 | 148.88 | 10.14 |
| Pig | 10.29 | 9.06 | -12.03 |
| Mithun | 0.30 | 0.38 | 26.66 |
| Yak | 0.08 | 0.06 | -25.00 |
| Horses & Ponics | 0.63 | 0.34 | -45.58 |
| Mule | 0.20 | 0.08 | -57.09 |
| Donkey | 0.32 | 0.12 | -61.23 |
| Camel | 0.40 | 0.25 | -37.05 |
| Total Livestock | 512.06 | 535.78 | 4.63 |
Livestock Population – 2007 to 2019
Livestock Population – Major Species During 2007 to 2019
| Species | Population (In million) 2007 | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 199.08 | 190.9 | 192.49 |
| Buffaloes | 105.34 | 108.7 | 109.85 |
| Sheep | 71.56 | 65.07 | 74.26 |
| Goats | 14.054 | 135.17 | 148.88 |
| Pigs | 11.13 | 10.29 | 9.06 |
| Mithun | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.38 |
| Yaks | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Horses & ponies | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.34 |
| Mules | 0.14 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
| Donkeys | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.12 |
| Camels | 0.52 | 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Total Livestock | 529.70 | 512.06 | 535.78 |
Livestock Population – Major States
Livestock Population, 2012 & 2019 of Major States
| S.No. | States | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | 68.7 | 67.8 | -1.35 |
| 2 | Rajasthan | 87.7 | 56.8 | -1.66 |
| 3 | Madhya Pradesh | 36.3 | 40.6 | 11.81 |
| 4 | West Bengal | 30.3 | 37.4 | 23.32 |
| 5 | Bihar | 32.9 | 36.5 | 10.67 |
| 6 | Andhra Pradesh | 29.4 | 34.0 | 15.79 |
| 7 | Maharashtra | 32.5 | 33.0 | 1.61 |
| 8 | Telangana | 26.7 | 32.6 | 22.21 |
| 9 | Karnataka | 27.7 | 29.0 | 4.70 |
| 10 | Gujarat | 27.1 | 26.9 | -0.95 |
Poultry
Poultry Population 2012 and 2019
| Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Poultry | 729.21 | 851.81 | 16.81 |
| Backyard poultry | 217.49 | 317.07 | 45.78 |
| Commercial Poultry | 511.72 | 534.74 | 4.50 |
- The total poultry has increased by 16.81% and the total poultry is 851.81 million during 2019.
- Over 45.78% increase in backyard poultry and total backyard poultry is 317.07 Million in 2019.
- The commercial poultry has increased by 4.5% and the total commercial poultry is 534.74 million.
Poultry Population, 2012 & 2019 of Major States
| S.No. | States | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tamil Nadu | 117.3 | 120.8 | 2.92 |
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh | 80.6 | 107.9 | 33.85 |
| 3 | Telangana | 80.8 | 80.0 | -0.93 |
| 4 | West Bengal | 52.8 | 77.3 | 46.34 |
| 5 | Maharashtra | 77.8 | 74.3 | 46.34 |
| 6 | Karnataka | 53.4 | 59.5 | 11.33 |
| 7 | Assam | 27.2 | 46.7 | 71.63 |
| 8 | Haryana | 42.8 | 46.3 | 8.11 |
| 9 | Kerala | 24.3 | 29.8 | 22.61 |
| 10 | Odisha | 19.9 | 27.4 | 37.95 |
Cattle
- Total Cattle Population in the country is 192.49 Million during 2019.
- Total cattle is increased by 0.8% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
- Female Cattle Population increased by 18.0% whereas Male cattles decreased by 30.2% over previous census.
- About 36% of the total livestock is contributed by cattle.
Cattle Population- Breed Group-wise Population
Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-Descript Cattle Population-Male, Female and Total
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cattle | 190.90 | 192.49 | 0.8 |
| Exotic/Crossbred | |||
| Male | 5.97 | 3.46 | -4.20 |
| Female | 33.76 | 46.95 | 39.1 |
| Total Exotic/Crossbred | 39.73 | 50.42 | 26.9 |
| Indigenous/Non-Descript | |||
| Male | 61.95 | 43.94 | -29.1 |
| Female | 89.22 | 98.17 | 10.0 |
| Total Indigenous/Non-Descript | 151.17 | 142.11 | -6.0 |
Cattle Population – Milch Cattle
- Total milch cattle in the country is 74.8 Million increased by 9.8% over the previous census
Breed group-wise – In-Milk, Dry and Milch Cattle
- Milch Cattle of Exotic-Crossbred has increased by 32.2% over previous census
- Milch Cattle of Indigenous/Non-Descript has increased marginally by 0.8%
In-milk, Dry and Milch Cattle for Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-Descript
| Breed Group | Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exotic/Crossbred | In-milk | 14.30 | 20.00 | 39.8 |
| Dry | 5.12 | 5.67 | 10.8 | |
| Milch | 19.42 | 25.67 | 32.2 | |
| Indigenous/Non-descript | In-milk | 29.65 | 31.98 | 7.87 |
| Dry | 18.48 | 16.53 | -10.53 | |
| Milch | 48.13 | 48.51 | 0.81 |
Cattle Population – Major States
Cattle Population, 2012 & 2019 in Major States
| S.No. | States | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | West Bengal | 16.5 | 19.0 | 15.18 |
| 2 | Uttar Pradesh | 19.6 | 18.8 | -3.93 |
| 3 | Madhya Pradesh | 19.6 | 18.7 | -4.42 |
| 4 | Bihar | 12.2 | 15.3 | 25.18 |
| 5 | Maharashtra | 15.5 | 13.9 | -10.07 |
| 6 | Rajasthan | 13.3 | 13.9 | 4.41 |
| 7 | Jharkhand | 8.7 | 11.2 | 28.16 |
| 8 | Assam | 10.3 | 10.9 | 5.29 |
| 9 | Chhattisgarh | 9.8 | 10.0 | 1.63 |
| 10 | Odisha | 11.6 | 9.9 | -15.01 |
Buffalo
- Total Buffalo Population in the country is 109.85 Million during 2019.
- Total Buffalo has increased by 1.1% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
- Female Buffalo Population increased by 8.61% whereas Male Buffalo is declined by 42.35% over previous census.
- About 20.5% of the total livestock is contributed by buffaloes.
- Milch buffalo population has increased marginally by 0.2% over previous census in which in-milk has increased by 4.3% whereas Dry category has declined by 10.2%.
Total Buffalo, Male, Female and Milch Animals
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buffaloes – Total | 108.70 | 109.85 | 1.06 |
| Total Male | 16.10 | 9.28 | -42.35 |
| Total Female | 92.60 | 100.57 | 8.61 |
| In-milk | 36.57 | 38.16 | 4.34 |
| Dry | 14.48 | 13.01 | -10.19 |
| Milch animals (In Milk + Dry) | 51.05 | 51.17 | 0.22 |
Buffalo Population – Major States
Buffalo Population 2012 & 2019 of Major States
| S.No. | States | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | 30.6 | 33.0 | 7.81 |
| 2 | Rajasthan | 13.0 | 13.7 | 5.53 |
| 3 | Gujarat | 10.4 | 10.5 | 1.52 |
| 4 | Madhya Pradesh | 8.2 | 10.3 | 25.88 |
| 5 | Bihar | 7.6 | 7.7 | 2.02 |
| 6 | Andhra Pradesh | 6.5 | 6.2 | -3.76 |
| 7 | Maharashtra | 5.6 | 5.6 | 0.17 |
| 8 | Haryana | 6.1 | 4.4 | -28.22 |
| 9 | Telangana | 4.2 | 4.2 | 1.59 |
| 10 | Punjab | 5.2 | 4.0 | -22.17 |
Sheep
- Total Sheep Population in the country is 74.26 Million during 2019.
- Total Sheep has increased by 14.13% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
- About 13.8% osf the total livestock contributed by Sheep.
Sheep Population – Exotic/Crossbred and Indigenous/Non-Descript
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sheep – Total | 65.07 | 74.26 | 14.13 |
| Exotic/Crossbred | 3.78 | 4.09 | 8.12 |
| Exotic/Crossbred Male | 1.21 | 0.83 | -31.32 |
| Exotic/Crossbred Female | 2.57 | 3.26 | 26.85 |
| Indigenous/Non-Descript | 61.29 | 70.17 | 14.50 |
| Indigenous/Non-Descript Male | 13.92 | 12.53 | -9.94 |
| Indigenous/Non-Descript Female | 47.37 | 57.64 | 21.67 |
Sheep Population – Major States
Sheep Population 2012 & 2019 of Major States
| S.No. | States/UTs | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Telangana | 12.8 | 19.1 | 48.51 |
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh | 13.6 | 17.6 | 30.00 |
| 3 | Karnataka | 9.6 | 11.1 | 15.31 |
| 4 | Rajasthan | 9.1 | 7.9 | -12.95 |
| 5 | Tamil Nadu | 4.8 | 4.5 | -5.98 |
| 6 | Jammu & Kashmir | 3.4 | 3.2 | -4.19 |
| 7 | Maharashtra | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.87 |
| 8 | Gujarat | 1.7 | 1.8 | 4.66 |
| 9 | Odisha | 1.6 | 1.3 | -19.10 |
| 10 | Uttar Pradesh | 1.4 | 1.0 | -27.25 |
Goat
- Total Goat Population in the country is 148.88 Million during 2019.
- Total Goat has increased by 10.14% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
- About 27.8% of the total livestock is contributed by goats.
Goat Population – Male, Female and Milch
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goat-Total | 135.17 | 148.88 | 10.14 |
| Male | 37.62 | 32.10 | -14.65 |
| Female | 97.56 | 116.78 | 19.71 |
| In-Milk | 36.25 | 41.83 | 15.38 |
| Dry | 25.31 | 27.82 | 9.95 |
| Milch animals (In Milk + Dry) | 61.53 | 69.65 | 13.15 |
Goat Population – Major States
Goat Population 2012 & 2019 of Major States
| S.No. | States | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rajasthan | 21.67 | 20.84 | -3.81 |
| 2 | West Bengal | 11.51 | 16.28 | 41.49 |
| 3 | Uttar Pradesh | 15.59 | 14.48 | -7.09 |
| 4 | Bihar | 12.15 | 12.82 | 5.49 |
| 5 | Madhya Pradesh | 8.01 | 11.06 | 38.07 |
| 6 | Maharashtra | 8.44 | 10.60 | 25.72 |
| 7 | Tamil Nadu | 8.14 | 9.89 | 21.43 |
| 8 | Jharkhand | 6.58 | 9.12 | 38.59 |
| 9 | Odisha | 6.51 | 6.39 | -1.84 |
| 10 | Karnataka | 4.80 | 6.17 | 28.63 |
Pig
- Total Pig Population in the country is 9.06 Million during 2019.
- Total Pig Population has decreased by 12.0% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
- About 1.7% of the total livestock is contributed by pigs.
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pig-Total | 10.29 | 9.06 | -12.03 |
| Exotic/Crossbred | 2.46 | 1.90 | -22.76 |
| Indigenous/Non-Descript | 7.84 | 7.16 | -8.66 |
Camel
- Total Camel Population in the country is 0.25 Million during 2019.
- Total Camel Population has decreased by 37.1% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Camel-Total | 0.40 | 0.25 | -37.05 |
| Male | 0.19 | 0.08 | -56.40 |
| Female | 0.21 | 0.17 | -19.46 |
Horses, Ponies, Mules & Donkeys
- Total Population of Horses, Ponies, Mules & Donkeys in the country is 0.55 Million during 2019.
- Total Population of Horses, Ponies, Mules & Donkeys has decreased by 51.9% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
Horses, Ponies, Mules & Donkeys Population 2012 and 2019
| Category | Population (In million) 2012 | Population (In million) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Horses & Poines-Total | 0.62 | 0.34 | -45.58 |
| Mules-Total | 0.20 | 0.08 | -57.09 |
| Donkey-Total | 0.32 | 0.12 | -61.23 |
| Total | 1.14 | 0.54 | -52.63 |
Mithun
- Total Population of Mithun in the country is 3.9 Lakhs during 2019.
- Total Population of Mithun has increased by 30.0% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
| Category | Population (In Lakh) 2012 | Population (In Lakh) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mithun-Total | 3.0 | 3.8 | 26.66 |
| Male | 1.3 | 1.7 | 30.76 |
| Female | 1.7 | 2.1 | 23.52 |
Yak
- Total Population of Yak in the country is 58 Thousands during 2019.
- Total Population of Yak has decreased by 24.67% over previous Livestock Census (2012).
| Category | Population (In 000) 2012 | Population (In 000) 2019 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yak-Total | 77 | 58 | -24.67 |
| Male | 35 | 26 | -25.71 |
| Female | 42 | 32 | -23.80 |
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