Veterinary Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in India
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are used to control pain and inflammation. Inflammation – the body’s response to irritation or injury – is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. NSAIDs mediate the production or function of prostaglandins (enzymes) involved in inflammation.
In companion animal medicine, approved veterinary NSAIDs are used to control the pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs and horses. Some veterinary NSAIDs are also approved for the control of postoperative pain in dogs and cats. There are potential risks associated with the use of NSAIDs. Veterinarians and pet owners should be aware of the following facts:
- All dogs and cats should undergo a thorough history and physical examination before beginning NSAID therapy.
- Appropriate blood/urine tests should be performed to establish baseline data prior to, and periodically during, administration of any NSAID.
- Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, not eating/eating less, and lethargy. If your pet experiences any of these potential side effects, STOP administering the medication and contact your veterinarian immediately.
- Veterinary NSAIDS may be associated with gastrointestinal ulcers/perforations, liver, and kidney toxicity.
- Serious side effects associated with the use of NSAIDs can occur with or without warning and, in some cases, result in death.
- Use with other anti-inflammatory drugs, such as other NSAIDs and corticosteroids, should be avoided.
- Patients at greatest risk for kidney problems are those that are dehydrated, are on diuretic treatment, or have pre-existing kidney, heart, and/or liver problems.
- NSAIDs can cause stomach or intestinal bleeding.
Here are some examlpe of Non Steroidal anti inflammatory Drugs preparation
| Sr. No. | Name of Drugs | Dose | T.N. WITH PRESANTATION | Indications |
| 1. | Analgin
(500 mg/ml) |
C : 10 – 20 g(TD)
H : 10 – 30 g(TD) S/G : 1 – 4 g(TD) D/cat : 0.5 – 2.5 g(TD) Foal,Calf:2.5 – 7.5 g IM,IV |
Inj. VETALGIN…33ml(MSD)
Inj. VETALGIN…30ml(KAPL) Inj. MORPIN-VET…30ml(morvel) Inj. ESGIPYRIN-N…5×5ml(zydus) IM ONLY (analgin0.75g,phenylbutazone0.75g,lignocain HCL0.05g)/5ml |
Pain, Fever, rheumatoid conditions, Spastic condition, Colic & other inflammatory condition
Hyper sensitivity reaction may occur. |
| 2. | Ketoprofen
(100mg/ml) |
C/S/G : 3 mg/kg BW
D : 2 mg/kg BW H:2.2mg/kg BW IM,IV |
Inj. KETOP…15,100ml(alembic)
Inj. KETONIT…100ml Inj. KETOPROFEN…100ml Inj. NEOPROFEN…100ml(Pfizer) |
Symptomatic relief of pain, Pyrexia & inflammation of musculo Skeletal Origin
At high concentrate it may cause irritation, bleeding or ulceration of gastric mucosa. Contraindications in kidney failure not use to combine with diuretic and anticoagulant. |
| 3. | Meloxicam
(5mg/ml) |
C/S/G/D/H:0.5mg/kg (Pneumonia&Proleps )
other condition: C/S/G/D/H: 0.2 – 0.3 mg/kg BW D:0.2 mg/kg IV,IM,SC,PO |
Inj. MELONEX…2,15,30,100ml(intas)
Bol. MELONEX…4’S(intas) Inj. MELONEX POWER(20mg/ml)..10,30,100ml Inj. ZOBID -20(20mg/ml)……10,30,100ml(zydus) Inj. ZOBID -M…15,30,100ml(zydus) Bol. ZOBID…4’S(zydus) SUSP.MELONEX ORAL(1.5mg/ml)…10ml(intas) |
Pneumonia, Prolapse, Pleuritis, Mastitis, Laminitis, myositis, arthritis, Surgical intervention, otitis, Premature labour Do not use in animals suffering from gastro – intestinal disorder, impaired hepatic, cardiac or where there is an evidence of individual hyper Sensitivity to the drugs
|
| 4. | Meloxicam
Paracetamol
|
As Analgesic
C/B:18ml/300 kg BW Calf/S/G:1ml/10kg BW H:30ml/250 kg BW As antipyretic 30ml/300kg BW |
Inj. MELOBEST-P…15,30,100ml(TTK)
(Meloxicam 5mg,paracetamol 1500mg)/ml Bol. MELOBEST-P…5×4’S(TTK) (Meloxicam 100mg,paracetamol 1500mg)/ml Bol. PROXYVET-MP…10×2’S(vetoquinol) Bol. TASPIN-MP…5×4’S(KAPL) (Meloxicam 100mg,paracetamol 1500mg)/ml
|
|
| Sr. No. | Name of Drugs | Dose | T.N. WITH PRESANTATION | Indications |
| 5. | (phenyl butazone
200mg, sodium salicyclate 20mg)/ml
|
D: 22mg/kg BW TD
C/B :1-5 mg / kg BW LA.10-20ml IM |
Inj. ARTISON-S…30,100ml(vetnex)
Inj. SALPHEN…30,100ml(vetindia) Inj. CIPIZON…30ml(cipla) |
Pyrexia, Symptomatic treatment of inflammatory & painful condition of muscle, bone & joints
Contraindicated in cats due to high toxicity. Accidental injection to carotid artery result in excitement prostration & Sometime death. |
| 6. | Tolfenamic acid
(40mg/ml)
|
LA: 2-4mg/kg BW
D/C: 4 mg/kg BW IM,IV,SC |
Inj. ALETOL …30,100ml(alembic)
Inj. MAXXTOL …10,30,100ml(intas) Bol. MAXXTOL(500mg)…4’s(intas) |
Inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis, Mastitis and other inflammatory condition.
Contra indicated for gastric ulceration, renal disease and concurrent use of steroids.
|
| 7. | Nimesulide
(100mg/ml) |
C/B/S/G:2-4mg/kg BW
D/cat :3-5mg/kg BW PO,IM |
Inj. NIMOVET…15,50,90ml
Bol. NIMOVET-DS(1000)..10×4’S Inj. OXALGIN-NP…15,50ml(zydus) Bol. OXALGIN-NP…4’s(LA:2-4boli daily) (NMS 400mg+PCM 1500mg)/bol Tab. NIMOTAS(50mg)…10 SUSP. NIMOTAS(50mg/ml)…60ml
|
Symptomatic relief of pain pyrexia and inflammation of musculo skeletal origin, post surgical inflammatory condition.
Use with caution in pregnancy. No sufficient data available in horse. |
| 8. | Flunixine megludine
(83mg=50mg) |
H: 1.1mg/kg BW.
1ml/45kg BW D: 1mg/kg BW 1ml/50kg BW C/S/G/Camel: 1.1-2.2mg/kg BW 1-2ml/45kg BW Slow IV,IM |
Inj. FLUNIMEG…2,10,20,30ml(zydus)
Inj. MEGLUDYNE…20ml(virbac) |
Pyrexia and inflammation associated with mastitis, metritis, pneumonia (bovine respiratory disease) and endotoxemia (septicemia) calves to control pain and inflation associated with dehorning and castration.
Horse inflammatory condition and pain associated with musculo skeletal disorder. Control visceral pain like colic. |
Steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (SAIDS)
Steroids can be divided into two classes. Anabolic steroids that build muscle bulk and catabolic steroids that actually cause muscle loss but fight inflammation, suppress the immune system, reduce brain swelling and provide moderate pain relief. The most common steroid is prednisone. Prednisone might be prescribed to reduce brain swelling associated with many diseases and cancers or to reduce inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, or lining of the brain.
In the short term, steroids may cause some side-effects like increased appetite, weight gain, pot-bellied appearance, muscle loss, excessive panting, and more drinking and urination. Over the long term (or short term with high doses), steroids cause increased risk for developing potentially
life threatening stomach or intestinal bleeding ulcers, infections, pancreatitis, high blood pressure and strokes. Importantly steroids should not be taken with NSAIDs as this can cause dangerous gastric and intestinal bleeding.
None of the following medications should be given together:
| STEROIDS | |
| Cortisone | |
| Dexamethasone | |
| Methylprednisolone (Medrol) | |
| Prednisone | |
| Prednisolone | |
| Triamcinolone | |
Common side effects of steroid therapy include:
- Increased panting, increased drinking and urination
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain manifested as a pot-bellied appearance
- Generalized muscle loss most prominent over the spine and head
- Dull hair coat
- Biochemical alterations, most commonly liver enzyme(s) elevation
Stop steroid therapy and notify your veterinarian if your pet experiences:
- Decreased appetite or vomiting
- Dark or bloody diarrhea
- Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
- Any extreme of the side effects listed above
Here are some examlpe of Steroidal anti inflammatory Drugs preparation
| Sr. No. | Name of Drugs | Dose | T.N. WITH PRESANTATION | Indications |
| 1.
|
dexamethasone
(glucocorticoid) |
Total dose
Cattle : 10 – 30 mg Calf/G/S :2-5 mg Dog : 0.5 – 2 mg Cat : 0.25 – 0.5 mg for induction of parturition LA:40mg |
Inj. DEXONA(4.4mg/ml)…5ml(zydus)
Tab. DEXONA(0.5mg)…10’S(zydus) Inj. DEXAMETHASONE(4mg/ml)..5ml Inj. GOLDEX(4mg/ml).10,30ml Inj. MORDEX(4mg/ml)…10ml
|
Acute inflammation bursitis, tendinitis, arthritis, allergic skin disease, hyper sensitivity reaction, shock, toxemia, stress from trauma, ketosis ophthalmic inflammatory conditions
Avoid use in late pregnancy recent major surgery, deep corneal ulceration diabetes mellitus cardiac in insufficiency of renal diseases.
|
| 2. | Triamcinolone
(glucocorticoid)
|
C/H/D:10-20mg(TD)
D: 0.5mg/kg PO BID/TID |
inj. VETALOG(6mg/ml)…5ml(zydus)
tab. KENACORT(4mg)…10’S(AHPL) inj. KENACORT(10mg/ml)…1ml(AHPL) inj. KENACORT(40mg/ml)…1ml(AHPL) |
Arthritis, tendocynovitis, myositis, bovine ketosis, and other inflammatory condition.
Pregnancy, glaucoma, cardiac insufficiency, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, renal disease.
|
| 3. | Betamethasone
(glucocorticoid) |
Total dose (IM,IV)
C : 10 – 30 mg Calf/G/S :2 – 5 mg Dog : 0.5 – 2 mg Cat : 0.25 – 0.5 mg |
Inj. BETAVET(4mg/ml)…5ml(tineta)
Inj. BETNESOL(4mg/ml)…1ml(GSK) Inj. BETAZON(4mg)…5ml tab. BETNESOL(0.5mg)…10’s(GSK) tab. BETNESOL FORT(1mg)…10’s |
Pregnancy toxemia induction of Parturition and ketosis
Avoid in late pregnancy, recent major surgery, deep Corneal ulceration diabetes mellitus cardiac insufficiency and renal diseases.
|
| Sr. No. | Name of Drugs | Dose | T.N. WITH PRESANTATION | Indications |
| 4. | predenisolone
(10mg/ml) (Glucocorticoid) |
C/H: 10-20 ml T.D.
Calf :2.5 – 5 ml (T.D.) D/cat:1-3ml (T.D.) Local treatment LA. 2.5 – 7.5 ml (T.D.) D/C : 0.5 – 2 ml (T.D.) CANINEATROPY, CONTACTALLERGY, FLEA ALLERGY D:0.5mg/ kg BW BID PO for 5 – 10 days. URETHRITIS,PERSISTENT HAEMATURIA Cat:2.5 -5mg in every 24- 48 hrs PO |
Inj. PREDENISOLONE…10ml
Inj. PREDENISOLONE…10ml(MSD) Inj. SOLON…10ml tab. WYSOLONE |
Arthritis, myositis, tendinitis, bursitis, inflammations, allergic bronchitis, asthma,
Food allergy. -Hydrocephalus, atropy, contact & food allergy. Urethritis, Persistent haematuria.
Glaucoma, Pregnancy, degenerative, joint disease, osteoporosis, fracture, diabetes Mellitus, infections renal disease. |
| 5. | isofluperidone
(2mg/ml) (glucocorticoid) |
C/B:10-20 mg
H: 5-20mg (TD) Intrasynoveal 5-20mg TD |
Inj. ISOFLUD…5,10ml(zydus) | Bovine ketosis, lameness and same as above.
In late pregnancy it may induce parturition. |
| 6. | Methyl prednisolone sodium succinate
(corticosteroid) |
D: 30mg/kg BW and repeat at 15mg/kg BW in 2-6hrs IV | Inj. SOLU-MEDROL(500mg)…4,8ml
Inj. SOLU-MEDROL(1g)…8ml,16ml Inj. SOLU-MEDROL(2g)…30.6ml |
Shock CNS trauma
|
| 7. | Methyl predenisolone acetate
(corticosteroid) |
D: 1 mg / kg BW every
1- 3 wks IM cat :10 – 20 mg/cat every 1- 3 weeks IM
|
Inj. DEPO-MEDROL(40mg/ml).1,2,5ml | (intralesional) therapy intra articulor therapy inflammatory conditions.
Use of methyl prednisolone is carefully b/c once gluco corticoid effect occurs that persist several days to wks. |
