Atmanirbhar Bharat & Harnessing Potential of Livestock Sector for Food Safety and Financial Security

Atmanirbhar Bharat & Harnessing Potential of Livestock Sector for Food Safety and Financial Security

Pranav Chauhan^*, Narendra K Nayak¹

Assistant Professor*, Associate Professor¹

Department of Livestock Products Technology

College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc &AH), (NDVSU), Mhow, Indore, (M.P). 453446,

* Corresponding author: email- dr.pranav.chauhan@gmail.com

Introduction

India is blessed with huge livestock wealth. India has first rank in total livestock population in the world. India’s total livestock population is 535.78 million numbers in 20^th Livestock Census in 2019. The growth rate shows that it is increased of 4.60 % over the 2012 livestock census.  As we know India is at first rank with 209.96 MT (million tones) total milk production in 2020-2021. India’s total meat production is 8.81 million tones (2020-21, DAH, D&F). But only 2% of total meat production is utilized for processed meat industry. The livestock sector alone contributes nearly 30.87% of value of output at current prices of total value of output in Agriculture, Fishing & Forestry sector. The overall contribution of Livestock Sector in total GVA of India is nearly 6.17%at current prices during current year. Human population is increasing exponentially .Sustained livestock production is very important to provide food and nutritional security to this large population. So efficient utilization of these livestock product is needed. Meat is nutritional food consume as various forms as according to conveniences and choices of consumers. Meat having high biological value as compared to cereals and other food items. As such much emphasis has been given to intensify research in developing appropriate and relevant technologies of these products to suit our conditions. The use of meat on development of convenience products is emphasized due to better nutrient contents as perfect protein, vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, fatty acids and lower calorie content. Today’s consumers are no longer satisfied with the traditional meat products.

Livestock sector potential of India 

Livestock wealth of the nation as per 20^th Livestock census

Animal Products Statistics

Food safety

 The need of the hour is to match the pace of the advancement of science and technology with respect to meat packaging also. Gradually with the increase of the human population, food-borne diseases become an expensive threat to human health. Food security and food safety are two important considerations in human foods. Among the marketable livestock based foods, are one of the most fragile, and many factors can influence the shelf-life: such as bacterial growth, enzymatic action and oxidation process.

Value added is a term is commonly used when we discussing about the future profitability of agriculture sector. In general, value addition is the process of changing or transforming a product from its original state to a more valuable state. Now a day’s in the market there are many products mainly ready to eat and ready to cook type .Initially value can be added in meat product by packaging by using appealing material, these packaging extend the shelf life, then broker and retailer building a wide business and retailing chain. But now a day’s increasing demand of meat products specially which are more convenient, ready to cook, ready to eat and more nutritious. So the strong need arise for value addition in other sense of nutritional value and healthiness like low salt, low-fat and cholesterol ,high in dietary fibres. The cost of product can be minimized by addition of non-meat ingredient or vegetable source such as soy-protein, cereals, and milk proteins and in some products utilization of low value meats.

Milk Production

• Highest milk producing state in India: Uttar Pradesh (31.36 MT)
• Second highest milk producing state in India: Rajasthan (30.72 MT)
• State with highest growth rate in milk production: Karnataka (21.09%)
• State with lowest growth rate in milk production: Arunachal Pradesh (-27.61)
• State with highest per capita availability of milk: Punjab (1219 grams/day)

Meat Production

• Highest meat producing state in India: Maharashtra (1.11 MT)
• Second highest meat producing state in India: Uttar Pradesh (1.04 MT)
• State with highest growth rate in meat production: Karnataka (19.50%), UTs – D&N Haveli, Daman & Diu (combined 43.44%)
• State with lowest growth rate in meat production: Chhattisgarh (-29.19%)
• State with highest per capita availability of meat: Telangana (24.56 kg/annum)

Egg Production

• Highest eggs producing state in India: Andhra Pradesh (24.96 billion)
• Second highest eggs producing state in India: Tamil Nadu (20.12 billion)
• State with highest growth rate in eggs production: Sikkim (103.28%)
• State with lowest growth rate in eggs production: Chhattisgarh (-2.47%), UTs – D&N Haveli, Daman & Diu (combined -4.15%)
• State with highest per capita availability of eggs: Andhra Pradesh (475 eggs/annum)

Wool Production

• Highest wool producing state in India: Rajasthan (15.68 million kg)
• Second highest wool producing state in India: Telangana (3.36 million kg), UT – J&K (7.65 million kg)
• State with highest growth rate in wool production: Rajasthan (23.27%)
• State with lowest growth rate in wool production: Andhra Pradesh (-100.00%)

Financial security

Contribution of Livestock Sector in Indian economy as it contribution of livestock to agricultural GVA: 30.87%. Whereas contribution of livestock to total GVA of India: 6.17%. Meat processing sector, particularly value added segments needs to be vigorously promoted for boosting production by increasing the domestic consumption of processed products and also for promoting their export. The demands for meat and meat products have been increased strongly particularly in developing countries where heavy industrialization and globalization have stimulated growth in per capita income and up-gradation of living standard. Family dynamics, rising income, increasing exposure to various mass media, changing food habits with preference for fast foods and heavily industrialization and urbanization will greatly enhance the demand for fresh or frozen and nutritionally superior value added products. Policy makers, meat producer cum processor, food processor, food technologist etc have to work together to transform this sector into a more dynamic and vibrant enterprise.

Livestock and women empowerment

Women contribute 75% of the labour in livestock sector. Usually they have no property rights as in the case of land in societal condition in rural India. It is one of rreproductive asset to build wealth and savings; and regular stream of income to them. Livestock’s are raised on agricultural products and residues; less expensive Livestock ownership and income are positively related to number of adult females/illiterate. Livestock rearing also improves bargaining power of women, Child nutrition, Education.

Challenges in Livestock production

1. Production efficiency is low.
2. Inefficient and inappropriate production system.
3. Scarcity of superior livestock and indiscriminate breeding and marketing of quality one.
4. Knowledge gap and very low adoption (10-30%) of technologies.
5. Poor access to support services (breeding, health, finance etc.).
6. Unorganized marketing.

Way forward

• Capacity building of livestock farmers.
• Replacement of extensive management by encouraging semi-intensive and intensive scientific management.
• Development of genetic stock by supply of high potential pure-bred to farmers.
• Grading up of non-descript breed with pure bred male of high genetic merit suitable for that particular agro-climatic regions.
• Development of forage resources in community land.
• Promotion of prophylactic measures with vaccination and de-worming.
• Clean, adequate housing as per breed, age, sex and production stage.
• Value addition of livestock products and by products.
• Popularization of livestock based economic viable models.
• Support for regulatory market of livestock and credit support.

Need of Pragmatic interventions

1. Defending livestock sector to the benefit of the primary stake holders-the farmers.
2. Interventions in the early age nutrition and management of calves, lambs, kids.
3. Pragmatic slaughter policies- to organize animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
4. Promoting meat consumption and exports to sustain demand driven growth in livestock production.
5. Promoting balanced rations with emphasis on urea-molasses feeding which has been neglected from practice.
6. Promoting decentralized small scale crop residue based feed processing units.
7. Removal of urban dairies which are not relevant today with extensive milk distribution.
8. Improvement/ modernization of   slaughter facilities for better public image of the sector in phased manner.
9. Development of livestock markets on priority.
10. Involvement of stakeholders and experts in formulating rules and regulations.
11. Disease free zones to be promoted for FMD control & Trade benefits.
12. Professional bodies need to defend livestock sector prospects.

Summary

Holistic support for all types of livestock farmers (especially ignored smallholder sector). Many challenges can be effectively tackled by cooperation and collaboration between Public, private, development organizations and professionals. The growing demands of livestock products with digital technologies creating a good market for innovative farmers and entrepreneurs.

References

1. The growth rate of livestock sector and its contribution, 2022. Animal Husbandry Statistics Division, Department Of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government of India.

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