ROLE OF POULTRY IN NATION BUILDING
ASMITHA S¹, ABINAYA S² , CH AKHILA³ Madras Veterinary College , Chennai – 7, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
ABSTRACT
Poultry farming serves the cheapest animal protein source from backyard farming to industries. Poultry sector contributes 1% to National GDP in Livestock 14% GDP. The Red Revolution has seen a 2.9% increase in production of meat. Poultry farming has tremendous potential for expansion and employment generation. Youth in general and educated unemployed youth in particular can take up this profession easily. According to the ICAR vision – 2025, an increase in per capita availability of one egg will generate 50,000 more jobs. So increase in poultry production activities will help to generate more employment. The growth potential of poultry sector is bright due to regular flow of income throughout the year in the rural economy of India.
KEYWORDS
Poultry farming, GDP,FAO, APEDA,FAOSTAT, Economic Survey 2021-22,Poultry manure, Red revolution, ICAR Vision – 2025,Poultry Vaccine Market.
INTRODUCTION
Poultry farming is the raising of domesticated birds such as chicken, turkeys, ducks & geese for the livelihood or socio-economic development of the farmers in terms of profit from meat, egg etc. Poultry farming serves the cheapest animal protein source from backyard farming to industries. Comparing to other farming, poultry is one of the fastest growing agricultural sector in our country. The potential in poultry sector is due to a combination of factors- growth in per capita income, a growing urban population and falling real poultry prices.
INDIA’S FACTS AND FIGURES
Poultry sector contributes 1% to National GDP in Livestock 14% GDP. India is now the world’s third egg producer in the world (FAO).Poultry meat is the fastest- growing component of global meat demand. India stands the world’s second – largest developing country, is experiencing rapid growth in its poultry sector.
India has exported 320,240.46 MT of poultry products to the world for the worth of Rs.529.81 Crores / 71.04 USD Millions during the year 2021-22(APEDA).According to world poultry market, India ranks sixth (using FAOSTAT rankings).
ECONOMIC SURVEY 2021-22
India ranks third and eighth in production of eggs and meat in the world respectively, said The Economic Survey 2021-22.Egg production in the country has increased from 78.48 billion in 2014-15 to 122.11 billion in 2021-22 taking the per capita availability of eggs to 91 eggs per annum in 2020-21.Meat production in the country has increased from 6.69 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 8.80 million tonnes in 2020-21, the survey said.
POULTRY MANURE
A good and fertile soil is often compared to a womb. Often farmers do not realize that a soil with poor fertility and poor yield are directly linked. Poultry manure is a more concentrated source of crop nutrients, especially NPK and calcium. Being naturally organic, it does not need composing and can be applied directly to the fields from the farm.
The fertilizer value of 1 tonne of dried cage poultry manure is equivalent to 100Kg urea, 150 Kg super Phosphate, 50 Kg Potash, 125 Kg Calcium carbonate, 30 Kg Sulphur, 12 Kg Sodium Chloride, 10 Kg Magnesium Sulphate, 5 Kg Ferrous Sulphate, 1 Kg Manganese Sulphate , Zinc Sulphate and other trace minerals each and is available at a cheaper rate than other market available inputs.
At present India produces about 6.25 and 8.0 million tonnes of poultry manure sufficient to fertilize about 3.56 million hectares of land annually, if properly utilized it can help save billions of foreign exchange, by replacing huge imports of chemical fertilizers.
SCOPE OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS
In poultry industry, besides from marketing of meat , egg and manure , there are various demands for the society from poultry industry.
- Whole egg powder, brined and pickled eggs, egg rolls, egg strips, egg souffle, egg cutlet, egg crepe and waffles, albumen flakes/ rings, yolk powder, natural yellow pigment from yolk ,lecithin, conalbumin and avidin from eggs used in pharmaceutical industry.
- Lysozyme, di-calcium phosphate from shell and shell membranes , cured and smoked chicken , chicken patties, intermediate moisture diced products with long shelf life, battered and breaded enrobed products , chicken chunkalona , chicken soup, chicken essence , nuggets ,kababs , meat spreads , marinated breast filled , hot-dogs , frankfurters , etc.
- Giblets , liver and liver extract , deboned meat for airline industry , chicken gizzard pickle , feather meal , poultry by product meal from inedible portions as a source for poultry feed ,etc.
- High demand for various forms of egg powder and Hatching eggs including Specific Pathogen – Free (SPF) Eggs. Especially SPF eggsare used for research purpose.
INDIAN POUTRY VACCINES MARKET FORECAST TO 2028
The market size of Indian poultry vaccine segment is estimated to be US$ 65 Million , makes about 25% of the overall poultry market (US$ 253 Million ). Poultry vaccine segment is expected to be grown at > 12% annually. Therefore , poultry vaccine segment also contributes for the Indian economy.
RED REVOLUTION –INCREASE IN MEAT PRODUCTION
An agricultural revolution known as the “Red Revolution” in India focused on meat and tomatoes. The production of tomatoes and meat has seen a significant increase as a result of the red revolution. It began in the 1980s and continued up until 2008.During the red revolution in agriculture, a significant shift in the production of meat was also seen in addition to tomatoes. The Red Revolution has seen a 2.9% increase in production of meat. The enhancement of cold storage facilities, transportation and the nation’s economic expansion are a few of the reasons contributing to the increased availability of meat. Along with meeting quality criteria, the increased export of poultry products contributed to the development of meat output. In light of rising demand for meat, slaughter houses have received additional support and attention by being modernized in every manner feasible and growing in number.
FAO STATISTICAL BOOK, 2011 (Livestock)
- Meat products – 65%
- Dairy products – 22.5%
- Poultry products -12.5%
POTENTIAL FOR EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
Poultry farming has tremendous potential for expansion and employment generation. Youth in general and educated unemployed youth in particular can take up this profession easily. The inputs required for poultry farming are available locally in rural areas.
Poultry farming provides employment to those who are engaged in the production of eggs and chicken meat , hatchery operators, feed dealers , building materials, egg cases and trucks , processors of eggs and poultry products and all dealers engaged in the marketing of eggs and poultry meat from the time they leave producer’s premises until they are in hands of consumers.
ICAR VISION – 2025
According to the ICAR vision – 2025, an increase in per capita availability of one egg will generate 50,000 more jobs. Similar increase in employment generation is anticipated due to acceleration in broiler production, marketing of eggs and meat, processing, etc. So increase in poultry production activities will help to generate more employment. It will also help to solve gender issues in employment since the poultry operations can be handled with ease both by men and women.
CONCLUSION
The poultry farming in India occupies an important position due to its enormous potential to bring out rapid economic growth, particularly benefiting the weaker sections due to its low investment requirement and short generation interval. The growth potential of poultry sector is bright due to regular flow of income throughout the year in the rural economy of India.
Role of Poultry in Nation Building
Poultry in Nation Building edited
