Pyometra: Causes, Symptoms and Management
Pawan Kumar Sharma
MVSc, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CVAS, RAJUVAS, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
*Corresponding author Email – pawansharma6596@gmail.com
Introduction:
Pyometra, a common reproductive disorder in cattle, is characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterus with absence of estrous. The inflammatory alterations in the endometrium will prevent prostaglandins from being properly absorbed in the bloodstream, resulting in persistent corpus luteum (CL), closed cervix, and the development of pyometra, which is an accumulation of exudates in the uterine lumen. It is a serious condition that can affect the health and fertility of cows.
Causes:
- Persistent Corpus Luteum: Failure of the corpus luteum (a temporary structure in the ovary) to regress can result in prolonged progesterone production, leading to changes in the uterus that predispose cows to pyometra.
- Contamination and Infection: Bacterial contamination of the uterus, often occurring during breeding, calving, or postpartum, can cause an infection that leads to pyometra. Post service pyometra is caused by Trichomonas.
- Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal imbalances, such as an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, can disrupt normal uterine function and increase the risk of pyometra.
Abortion, dystocia, sepsis, twin birth, ROP, metritis are predisposing factors for pyometra.
Symptoms:
- Vaginal discharge: The most common and prominent sign of pyometra is a foul-smelling discharge from the cow’s vulva. The discharge may vary in color and consistency.
- Enlarged uterus: The uterus may become distended and enlarged due to the accumulation of pus.
- Reproductive issues: Cows with pyometra often experience reproductive problems, such as extended intervals between estrus cycles, irregular heat periods, or failure to conceive.
Diagnosis
Pyometra can be diagnosed on the basis of history, per-rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography. On per-rectal examination enlarged, doughy along with corpus luteum on ovary. Diagnosis of pyometra by transrectal ultrasonography can be used to diagnose pyometra. In ultrasonography image corpus luteum on ovary and increased volume of accumulated echogenic uterine fluid can be observed.
Treatment:
In early-stage pyometra cases, treatment may be attempted. This typically involves the administration of antibiotics and prostaglandins to eliminate the infection and stimulate uterine contractions for expulsion of pus. Beside this herbal ecbolics should be suggested.In advanced or chronic cases of pyometra, surgical intervention may be required. A procedure total uterine extirpation (removal of the uterus) may be performed to effectively treat the condition. Following treatment, cows should be closely monitored for any signs of infection or recurrence. Adequate post-treatment care, including antibiotic therapy and supportive management, is essential for a successful recovery.
Conclusion:
Pyometra is a significant reproductive disorder that can have detrimental effects on the health and fertility of cattle. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking timely veterinary intervention are essential for effective management and treatment of pyometra. By implementing preventive measures and maintaining good reproductive health practices, cattle owners can minimize the occurrence and impact of pyometra in their herds, ensuring optimal reproductive outcomes.
