Demand-Supply Gap Analysis of Goat Meat in India
In India, a substantial growth rate has been showed in the production of goat meat and milk on the last decade. The goat meat production has doubled (9.3% to 18.3%) and goat milk production has shown a growth rate of 31.53% during the last decade. The country stands first in goat milk production and is the second largest meat producer in the world sharing 26.31% goat milk and 10.41% goat meat production. Besides meat and milk, goats also produce good quality skin, valuable Pashmina fibre and manure. Even then we are not able to meet the increased domestic demand of the products and tap the potential of the sector in its full capacity by using the available opportunities. Goats have played a dynamic role in the support of mankind over the last 7000 years in terms of milk, meat, cashmere/pashmina, mohair, and skin. Goats, also refereed as “The poor man’s cow” fits in amicably to achieve the inter-dependent objectives of poverty alleviation, availability of food, creation of employment and contribution to rural income. Goats contributes more than 52 percent of the household’s total income towards assuring food and nutrition security of families of goat keepers (Choudhary et al. 2018) . Goats are among the main meat-producing animals in India, whose meat (chevon) is one of the desirable meat and has huge domestic demand. Besides meat, goat provides other products like milk, skin, fiber, and manure. Goats are an important part of the rural economy, particularly in the arid, semiarid and mountainous regions of the country. They provide food and nutritional security to the millions of marginal and small farmers and agricultural laborers. The risk involved in goat farming is much lower when compared to other livestock and crop production. Goat is reported to be more economical than cattle and sheep under natural grazing browsing (Sharma & Jindal, 2008) . India stands the second largest goat producer in the world having 148.88 million goats. However, the productivity of goats under the prevailing traditional production system is very low (Kumar, 2007) . India ranks first in goat milk production with a production of 6.09 million tonnes of world goat milk production and ranks second in meat production with the production of 504501 tonnes meat. (FAO, 2018). Goat accounts for 27.80 percent of the total livestock in the country and contribute Rs 38,590 crores annually to the national economy (20th Livestock census). The share of goat to the total milk and meat production in India was recorded as 3 percent and 13.53 percent, respectively (BAHS 2019) . India has 34 registered breeds of goats (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, 2021). Marketing plays an important role in the development of any sector including goats. An efficient marketing system can ensure a reasonable price to the producer and minimize unnecessary costs and margins and benefit all sections of the society. A study of the marketing system of goats is necessary to understand the oppetunities and challenges involved in its marketing. However, the marketing of goat and its products are one of the most neglected areas in India. As a result, it suffers from many drawbacks such as multiplicity of middlemen adding very little utility and their very high margins, avoidable marketing costs, unnecessary transportation and mortality of animals during transit, and hindrance in exports on account of poor quality and lack of information (Kumar, 2007).
Goat meat has a number of health benefits and more nutritional value than other red meat. It contains Less calories, low fat amount, saturated fat and cholesterol than other meats. Goat meats are usually rich in iron when compared to similar meats such as beef, pork, lamb and chicken. Relatively, fresh goat meat contains high potassium substance with lower sodium levels. The meat availability for a person in India is just about 15g /person /day versus the ICMR recommendation of around 30g /person /day. So, it is require to improve the production on goat meat in India.
Analyzed from the point of required nutrition, as per WHO standards, the daily requirement of protein is 63 gm per day. In a research study, they analysed that the average protien availability in Indian diet conditions are 50.75 gm/day/person (approx.) for vegetarian population, and about 55.25 gm/day/person (approx.) for non-vegetarian population. However, the average shortage amount of protein requirement is nearly 12 gm for vegetarian and about 8 gm for non-vegetarian.
As per IGAR and BAHS data, goat population in the country is expected to reach to 216 million in 2050 with milk and skin production to 9.8 and 0.25 million tonnes, respectively. Urbanization, enhanced income and strong preference to goat meat are some of the major contributing elements for development in goat meat production. Looking at 14 kg per animal carcass weight and about 45% of goats useable for slaughter, the production of goat meat will increase to nearly 1.4 million tonnes in 2050. As per NSSO reports, the consumption of goat meat/ mutton per capita per month has raised from 53 gram to 61 gram during the period 2003-04 to 2009-10. Considering 3% growth in per capita for goat meat consumption, the need or demand for goat meat by 2050 would be around 2.15 million tonnes. (NIANP, 2013).
Moreover, the population in India is expected to get increase by 34% through 2050. The Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) recommended some dietary levels of livestock products for about 1.7 billion people. As per their consideration, the livestock sector ought to produce about 186 millon tons of milk and nearly 19 million tons of meat per annum. It means the current production level of milk and meat would have to raise or grow by 1.5 and 3 times respectively. With the same resource base of water and land, it is going to be a tough challange to meet this feed demand of this vast livestock. Hence, instead of increasing the animals number, it is better to improve the genetics through with breed improvement programme which seems a better strategy to meet the demand for animal protein.
Health benefits of Goat Meat
Low Calorie Content
The fresh goat meat contains very low calories while comparing to other form of red meats. In a research study it is found that the calorie content of 100 g goat meat is 122. On the other hand, chicken meat has 162 calories, pork has 180 calorie content and beef meat has 178 calories. Also, goat meat helps to reduce the growth of heart related disease.
Rich in Dietary Iron
Myogobin is one of the primary content that you can found in goat meat. It is beneficial for bloods in a human body and maintains a good health. This will keep you away from problems like iron deficiency or anemia.
Low in Cholesterol and Saturated Fats
Considering other kind of red meats, goat meat has less cholesterol content. It is also low in saturated fat values and has high unsaturated fats. In a study it proven that unsaturated fat foods increases good cholesterol blood levels which is good for heart functioning. This is one of the major health benefits of goat meat to have.
Reduces the Stress
Goat meat contains good levels of B12 vitamin that keeps you away from depression, anxiety disorder and stress. We make or produce proper goat meat in tamilnadu that supplies on local markets and more restaurants.
Low Sodium Levels
Fresh goat meat is basically less in sodium level content. Comparing other red meats it holds only 82 mg of sodium level in a 100 g goat meat. As it contains less sodium content, it is good for the person who suffers from high blood pressure. So, it increases the goat sale in tamilnadu invariably with these benefits.
Helps Burn Excess Fat
Vitamin B assists the human body to reduce stubborn fat. Goat meat has Vitamin B substance that has the ability to keep down the excess fat on your body. Also, fresh goat meat is high in protein elements which make your body to stay fit.
Rich in Dietary Potassium
This delicious red meat is normally rich in dietary potassium. A research study has shown that a 100 g goat meat can carries 385 g of potassium in it. Due to this substance in goat meat, it helps to maintain blood pressure levels. Addition to this, potassium assists to stabilise the heart rhythms which turns to avoid irregular heartbeats as well.
In recent days the goat trading in tamilnadu emerges as a beneficial business for the farmers. There are more health benefits of goat meat in Andhra Pradesh which takes this goat farming business into a new level where one can attain more success.
Compiled & Shared by- Team, LITD (Livestock Institute of Training & Development)
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Reference-On Request.
Demand-Supply Gap Analysis of Goat in India
Demand-Supply Gap Analysis of Goat in India
