ETHNO-VETERINARY APPROACH FOR LUMPY SKIN DISEASE MANAGEMENT

ETHNO-VETERINARY APPROACH FOR LUMPY SKIN DISEASE MANAGEMENT

¹ANKIT KUMAR, ²BHAVNA DABAS

¹Internee Student,Veterinary College & Research Institute Namakkal,TANUVAS.

Third year, VC&RI Namakkal,TANUVAS

Email Id: ankitaiims357@gmail.com

Mobile no. 8292265530

Abstract

In the Indian economy, livestock plays a key role. Approximately 20.5 million people rely on livestock. One of the most critical constraints in such a condition is the spread of emerging diseases, which causes reduced milk production, meat production, draft capacity, dung, and hides. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically significant emerging viral disease of cattle and buffaloes. LSD is associated with the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the genus Capripoxvirus of the Poxviridae. The LSDV has traditionally been limited to the African continent, but recently it had spread to different parts of the globe. Hence, the significance of this paper is to review available ethno-veterinary practices for LSD control on e-resources.

Keywords: Lumpy skin disease, Livestock, Ethno-veterinary practices, Disease management.

Introduction

Origin

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a notifiable disease, according to World Animal Health Organization (OIE), because of its rapid spread and economic losses. Historically, LSD has remained confined to Africa, where it was first noted in Zambia in 1929, and some parts of West Asia. The disease spread to seven countries by the end of 2020 — reaching China and India in August 2019. India observed the first case of LSD in year (2019) in five districts of Odisha (Sudhakar et al., 2020). Susceptibility to the disease is more among cattle with compromised immune systems. Stray cattle pose a high risk problem because they are comparatively weaker and have low immunity in general.

What is Lumpy Skin Disease?

Lumpy skin disease is an infectious viral disease of cattle. The disease is characterized by high fever and enlarged superficial lymph nodes on the skin and multiple nodules or lumps on the skin. It is transmitted by blood-sucking insects, such as certain species of flies, mosquitoes and ticks. LSD is a highly host-specific disease.Morbidity rate is higher in Cattle than Buffalo. It affects calves and heifers more as compared to adult animal in the case of cattle.

THERAPEUTIC MEASURES

There is no prescribed medicine for LSD. However; symptomatic treatment of infected animals may be done to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Affected animals can be managed/ cured with commercially available antipyretics like meloxicam, ketoprofen, etc.  If fever persists or the animal shows nasal discharge, antibiotics like ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, sulphonamides etc. can be administered to check secondary infection. Administration of anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine can be done. Application of antiseptic ointments with fly-repellent properties can also be used on nodules. Neem leaves feeding and producing smoke on burning neem leaves may be used .

 Ethno-veterinary Medication

Ethno veterinary medicine is a practice of using the active compounds in the medicinal plants as treatment for diseases. The use of medicinal plants to manage the clinical conditions can reduce the loss due to the decreased productivity, expenses incurred in allopathic medicine, and the other side effects of allopathic medicine. There are numerous region specific EVM amiable for treating the disease. However, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) suggested few of the effective oral and topical ethno-veterinary formulation to treat the disease is mentioned here.

1. Oral treatment for the first 3 days of infection

• Proper grinding the above said ingredients, make a paste after adding jaggery in it.
• For first 3 days paste should be fed to affected animals in every 3 hours of interval.
• Feed three dose every three hours for the first day (Day 1)
• From the second day onwards feed three doses daily for 2 weeks (Day 2 onwards)
• Each dose to be prepared freshly

2. Oral treatment 3 to 14 days of infection

• Grind the above ingredients well, mix them up with jaggery
• Feed the paste to the animal in 3 times in a day (morning, evening and night).
• Prepare dose freshly daily

3. Topical treatment for open wound

• Grind the above ingredients and boil them in 500ml coconut oil.
• After cleaning the wound oil should be apply on the wound when oil get sufficient cool.

If encounter with maggots: Anona leaf paste or camphorated coconut oil is very effective for the first day only if maggots are there in wound.

Conclusion

Lumpy skin disease is not a normal viral outbreak. The disease induces weight loss, reduced milk production, draft power loss, motility, market instability,infertility, abortion, culling, and hide quality losses. A coordinated effort is needed in all direction for effective control of the disease. LSD outbreak control strategies include mass awareness of LSD. Restriction of animal movement, isolation, monitoring, cleaning and disinfection of the premises. Preventive vaccination in mission mode should also be undertaken in high risk areas and affected animal should be identified and documented.

Reference:

1.Indian Veterinary Research Institute http://www.ivri.nic.in/News/ News16092022.pdf

2.K.A. Al-Salihi (2014) Lumby Skin Disease : Review of Literature. Mirror of Research in Veterinary Science and Animals (MRSVA) 3(3) : 6-23.

3.Lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks in cattle in Odisha state, India in August 2019: Epidemiological features and molecular studies by Sudhakar et al. in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases journal, 67(6):2408-22. (2020)

4.Lumpy skin disease: Review of literature by Al-Salihi & Karima in Mirror of research in veterinary sciences and animals 3(3) 6-23. (2014)

5.National Dairy Development Board, Anand (www.nddb.coop)

6.Risk Assessment report on Lumpy Skin Disease by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

7.Various SAU’s & KVKs under ICAR-ATARI Zone I Ludhiana

8.World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) (https://www.woah.org/ en/home/)

9.Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Gruenberg W (2017) Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats. Elsevier, UK, p: 1591.

10.OIE (2010) World Organization for Animal Health. Lumpy Skin Disease. OIE terresterial manual. Accessed on August 14, 2017.

11.Menasherow, S., Rubinstein-Giuni, M., Kovtunenko, A., Eyngor, Y., Fridgut, O., Roten berg, D., Khinich, Y. & Stram, Y. 2014. Development of an assay to differentiate between virulent and vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). J. Virol. Methods, 199: 95–101.

12.OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) (2016). Lumpy skin disease. OIE Manual of Diagnos tic Tests Vaccines Terr. Animals,1–14. Availableat:http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.04.13_LSD.pdf .

SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE WITH ALLOPATHIC AND ETHNO-VETERINARY MEDICINE

Please follow and like us: