One World, One Health: Prevent Zoonoses, Stop the Spread

One World, One Health: Prevent Zoonoses, Stop the Spread

Dr.Palagiri Madhuri

PhD Scholar, Department of Animal Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute

(IVRI), Izatnagar, bareilly-243122

Email: madhup047@gmail.com

The One Health approach is a comprehensive approach that acknowledges the relationship between environmental, animal, and human health. By integrating disciplines such as veterinary medicine, human medicine, environmental science, and public health, this approach aims to address complex health challenges comprehensively. In the context of farm animals, companion animals, and zoonotic diseases, as well as antimicrobial resistance and human-animal interactions, the One Health framework offers essential insights and strategies for promoting health and well-being.

Understanding Zoonotic Aspects and Risks

Zoonotic diseases, which are transmitted between animals and humans, pose significant public health threats globally. Farm animals are vital to the dynamics of zoonoses transmission because of their intimate contact with humans and possible exposure to diseases. Companion animals also contribute to zoonotic risks through direct contact and environmental exposure. Effective surveillance, early detection, and control measures are essential to prevent zoonotic outbreaks and ensure food safety.

Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance

The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in agriculture and veterinary medicine contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Farm animals often receive antimicrobials for disease prevention and treatment, which can lead to resistant strains that pose challenges to human health. The One Health approach advocates for responsible antimicrobial use, including stewardship programs, alternative therapies, and strict regulatory measures, to mitigate antimicrobial resistance across species.

Promoting Responsible Human-Animal Interactions

Human-animal interactions, particularly in settings involving companion animals and agricultural practices, influence both animal welfare and human health outcomes. Positive interactions can enhance mental and physical well-being for humans and animals alike. Conversely, poor management practices or Zoonotic transmission risk may rise with intimate contact with diseased animals. Educating pet owners, farmers, and the public about safe handling, hygiene practices, and preventive care is crucial for reducing zoonotic risks and enhancing animal welfare.

Collaboration and Research Advancements

The success of the current approach relies on collaborative efforts between veterinary and human health professionals, environmental scientists, policymakers, and communities. Multidisciplinary research is essential for understanding disease pathways, developing vaccines and treatments, and implementing sustainable agricultural practices. Innovations in genetics, nutrition, and disease management contribute to improving animal health, productivity, and resilience to diseases.

Conclusion

Embracing the One Health approach is essential for safeguarding human and animal health in a globally interconnected world. By recognizing the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health, we can promote sustainable agriculture, mitigate zoonotic risks, combat antimicrobial resistance, and foster positive human-animal interactions. Through collective action and informed policies, we can achieve better health outcomes for all species and ensure a healthier future for generations to come.

References

1. Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Dhama, K., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Revisiting the One Health Approach in the Context of COVID-19: A Look into the Ecology of this Emerging Disease. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 8(3), 234-237.
2. Cunningham, A. A., Daszak, P., & Wood, J. L. (2017). One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1725), 20160167.
3. Gebreyes, W. A., Dupouy-Camet, J., Newport, M. J., Oliveira, C. J., Schlesinger, L. S., Saif, Y. M.,  & Hoet, A. E. (2014). The global one health paradigm: challenges and opportunities for tackling infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environment interface in low-resource settings. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(11), e3257.
4. Jones, K. E., Patel, N. G., Levy, M. A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J. L., & Daszak, P. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature, 451(7181), 990-993.
5. Morse, S. S., Mazet, J. A. K., Woolhouse, M., Parrish, C. R., Carroll, D., Karesh, W. B., & Daszak, P. (2012). Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis. The Lancet, 380(9857), 1956-1965.
6. Wood, J. L. N., Leach, M., Waldman, L., MacGregor, H., Fooks, A. R., Jones, K. E., & Cunningham, A. A. (2012). A framework for the study of zoonotic disease emergence and its drivers: spillover of bat pathogens as a case study. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367(1604), 2881-2892.
7. Zinsstag, J., Schelling, E., Waltner-Toews, D., & Tanner, M. (2011). From “one medicine” to “one health” and systemic approaches to health and well-being. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 101(3-4), 148-156.

Please follow and like us: