One world, one health: Prevent zoonoses
एक धरती, एक स्वास्थ्य” के दृष्टिकोण को साकार करने में पशु चिकित्सकों तथा पशुपालकों की भूमिका
Dr. Anil Singh
Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex
Acharya Narendra Dev University Of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya
Email: anil00Singh@gmail.com
Abstract: All the living beings present on this earth depend on each other. In such a situation, there is a need to keep everyone’s health in mind. For this, the participation of veterinarians and animal farmers is very important. Such as zoonotic diseases, infected animal products. Diseases spread by animals, attack of wild animals on domestic animals, spread of diseases of wild animals to domestic animals, animal husbandry and production, production of cow dung gas and many other problems can be solved only by the role of veterinarian and animal husbandry.
Keywords: Earth, Cycle, Contagious, Veterinarian, Animal Keeper, Health
That is why the concept of ‘One Earth One Health’ is becoming so popular in today’s time. Veterinarians and livestock farmers can play a very important role in realizing this vision.
One Health covers the interrelationship of the environment, animal and human health. It covers multi-pronged measures to address threats posed by environmental, animal and human health ecosystems. There are many challenges in the path of achieving the vision of One Health, such as shortage of veterinarians, lack of information exchange between human and veterinary institutions, negligence towards their health in the food provided to animals in the animal house, inattention in distribution of animal meat while incorporating in the food chain.
The earth has not been given the status of mother for nothing. Like the mother earth, it nurtures all the living beings present on it. All the living and non-living beings present on the earth are dependent on each other in some way or the other. This is the reason for various bio-geochemical cycles, Such as water cycle, oxygen cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, sulfur cycle, phosphorus cycle etc. If there is a problem in any one cycle, then that whole cycle becomes unbalanced. For example, if plants are destroyed at the lower level of the food chain, then even the higher chain organisms will not survive. For this reason, today it is necessary that we are in the health of all the components of the earth.
The One Health Principle is an initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE. It aims to encourage knowledge sharing on various disciplines such as human health, animal health, soil, environment and ecosystems at multiple levels, which are essential for improvement, protection and protection of the health of all species. In 2007, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) formulated the principle of ‘One World-One Health’ by taking into account the formulated the principle of ‘One World-One Health’ by taking into account the 12 recommendations of the Manhattan Principles. It is based on the ideal approach of preventing epidemics and maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.
It is said that about 60% of known infectious diseases and up to 75% of new/emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, i.e. such diseases spread from animals to humans and from humans to animals. Prevention of such diseases is not possible without a veterinarian. To prevent such diseases, it is necessary to give general information related to these diseases to the livestock keepers so that the livestock farmers can take appropriate steps as per the advice of the veterinarian. The diagnosis of diseases should be done by the veterinarian at the earliest so that proper treatment of animals can be done at the right time and the disease can be prevented from spreading to other animals and humans.
Animal products are consumed as food. If the animal is diseased, then its meat and other products will also be infected. As a result, whoever eats that meat or any other product can also become a patient. In such a situation, the veterinarians will take care in the slaughter houses that no animal should be killed for consumption which is visibly sick. There may be some animals which look healthy from outside but are sick from inside. The meat of such animals should be tested and spoiled meat should not be used.
During their regular work, the majority of private veterinarians support public health. Expert diagnosticians for acute and chronic animal diseases that may impact animal owners, their families, and the local community are developed by both big and small animal practitioners.
Particular instances of public health initiatives include conducting routine physicals, adhering to immunization schedules, putting parasite control plans into place, counseling immunocompromised individuals about the risks of animal contact, enabling the use of guide and service dogs for individuals with disabilities, and highlighting the advantages of the human-animal bond (e.g., for the disabled and elderly as well as veterans and others with post-traumatic stress disorder).
Veterinarians who address collective health concerns from a population health viewpoint and use pertinent epidemiological concepts at the community or population levels are most beneficial to their communities. Apart from providing direct services, veterinary professionals also advise local health boards and commissions, work with human medical equivalents on zoonotic disease prevention and control, and report illness episodes and trends to state public health and regulatory bodies. The health of animals and humans are inextricably linked, and these interactions would not exist otherwise.
Animals used for production are becoming more susceptible to infectious diseases due to a variety of circumstances. These include the following: a lack of immunity to foreign animal diseases; the relatively porous nature of national borders; the genetic convergence of many food-producing species; the accessibility of production animals to external contact (despite stringent biosecurity measures); the scale and frequency of animal transport (domestic and international); the increasing size of feedlots; and the stark lack of qualified foreign animal disease diagnosticians and epidemiologists. Pasteurization of dairy products, herd testing and culling, and inspections at slaughterhouses have all contributed to the eradication or control of several significant zoonotic diseases—such as brucellosis and tuberculosis—transmitted by food-producing animals in North America and Europe.
A significant portion of the burden of foodborne morbidity and mortality in the US and throughout the world is caused by other illnesses that are spread to people from animals that produce food, such as campylobacteriosis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, staphylococcosis, and E. coli disease that produces Shiga toxin.
In today’s era, adulteration is seen everywhere. Agriculture alone is not able to feed the growing population. In such a situation, the importance of animal products increases. But due to low animal production and high demand, some greedy people adulterate animal products and sell them. Such products are very harmful to the health of humans. Some poor due to rising inflation People are unable to raise bread for two days. In such a situation, they become victims of malnutrition. Therefore, the veterinarian should tell the cattle rearers such techniques of animal husbandry that increase animal production and the general public can get rid of adulteration and malnutrition. Cattle owners will have to give information about giving proper amount of ration to the animal, explaining when to give what and when not to give, choosing the right breed etc. Livestock farmers have to explain that whenever a new animal is included in the group, keep it away from the animals for a proper time and keep the animals separate in case of illness.
The feces, urine, and other waste that are emitted from the animal shed contaminate environment as well as pollutes the environment, having a negative effect on human being and trees. The dung spread here and there spreads foul smell in the environment. At the same time, there is also a risk of many types of flies, mosquitoes etc. pests breeding here. Therefore, the veterinarian should motivate the livestock farmers to produce dung gas, Due to which the environment will be purified, manure will be available and organic farming can be done. Nowadays natural forests are decreasing and concrete jungles are increasing, in such a situation, the human species is gradually approaching wild animals, as a result, animal human encounters are seen. In such a situation, the veterinarian should inform the concerned responsible people about the reasons for this happening and its prevention. What effective steps can be taken for this, as well as how to save your pets from the attack of wild animals, also tell the cattle keeper so that the animal keeper can avoid financial loss. The continuous encroachment of wild animals in human settlements also causes many diseases to spread to domestic animals and humans. In such a situation, the veterinarian should study which wild animals are in which area, what diseases are there and which of those diseases can spread to humans and domestic animals. What will happen and how will the diagnosis be done, along with how the prevention of such diseases is possible and general information related to them should be given to the livestock farmers of that region.
We know that ruminant animals emit methane gas which is the cause of pollution. In such a situation, the veterinarian should develop such techniques that can prevent pollution caused by methane gas. For example, such as developing such a seal which can be applied on the mouth of the animal to oxidize the methane gas coming out of its nostrils and does not spread air pollution. India ranks first in the number of animals in the world. Even today, in many rural areas, animals go out to graze in the pasture. More animals quickly finish the grass which takes time to grow. If grass is not available, the animals can consume poisonous plants which will be harmful to their health. Therefore, the livestock farmers should give some pasture to the pasture. Divide it into parts and let the animals graze in only one part at a time so that the grass can get time to grow in the other part.
Conclusion
On the basis of various examples mentioned above, we can completely say that yes, the role of veterinarians and livestock farmers is very important in realizing the vision of ‘One Earth One Health’.
