A Vision of Sustainable Livestock Production in State of Bihar
Received : 14.11.2018
Accepted: 29.11.2018
Published: 01.01.2019
Ankesh Kumar, Anil Kumar and C.S. Azad
Bihar Veterinary College,
Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna
Livestock scenario in Bihar Livestock sector plays an important role in socio-economic development of rural households. During last 6 years milk production increased by two folds from 2.63 million tonnes in 2001- 02 to 5.45 million tonnes in 2006-07 against the milk production at national level increasing from 84 M.T. to 100 M.T. during the period. During past three years, increase in milk production in Bihar was much higher than the increase in milk production at National level. Meat and egg production also increased but have not kept pace with milk production in the state. At present growth, livestock production is projected by the Government of Bihar for future period up to 2025.
Bihar has huge livestock population base with 105 lakh cattle, 58 lakh buffaloes, 96 lakh goats, 3 lakh sheep and 140 lakh poultry birds in 2003 which account for 40.06 percent, 22 percent, 36.62 percent and 1.32 percent, of total livestock population of the state, respectively. When compared at national level, Bihar has a higher proportion of buffaloes and goats in total livestock population.
Keeping in the views of the above mention facts and a way forward for sustainable livestock production in state of Bihar, the following livestock farming can boost the economy of marginal as well as landless farmer of Bihar and nation as whole.
- GOAT FARMING
It is very necessary that before starting of any business one should always have a clear understanding of the business & area of that business & even most importantally persons interest in that field.
STEPS TO STARTING GOAT FARMING
- Always try to select a suitable farm land or area for successful goat farming.
- Great source of clean and fresh water supply.
- Availability of types of equipments.
- Easily available food source.
- Fertile field for crop grasses and green plant production to reduces feed cost.
- Goat transportation & veterinary services.
- A market near the farm land for easy buying & selling.
POPULAR BREEDS IN INDIA
- Sirohi, Jamnapari, Surti, Barberi, Black Bengal, Malabari, etc.
- For profitable goat farming there should be 3 kidding for two years,
HOUSING
Always keep the house neat, clean and dry. Make proper ventilation and drainage also ensure the availability of sufficient fresh air and light.
FEEDING
- Usually goats prefer to eat grasses plants shrubs weeds and herbs.
- Goats also need energy, protein, vitamins, fibre and water for proper growth and for making better profits.
CARE AND MANAGEMENT
- Never feed them contaminated feed and water.
- Keep their house neat and clean.
- For commercial production keep kids bucks and does separate from each other.
- Avoid using same bucks for mating for several weeks or days.
- Vaccinate them properly.
LOANS FOR GOAT FARMING
- NABARD is one of the Bank arranging loan for goat farming.
- The minimum down payment collected from small farmers is only 5% of the total investments.
- Repayment period for business is about 6 years.
MARKETING
Marketing is the most important but easiest step of goat farming business. Goat products like meat and milk have global demand & popularity. Almost all types of people like goat milk and meat.
CONCLUSION
After analysing the goat farming there are less no. of competitors in the market and the quality and value of goat milk is high therefore the existence of goat farming business would be highly profitable for the animal farmer
- OPPORTUNITY IN DAIRY SECTOR
Dairy sector in India plays an important role in the national economy and in the socio- economic development of the country. It has a significant role in supplementary family income and generating employment in the rural areas, particularly among the landless, small, marginal farmers and farm women, besides providing cheap and nutritious food to millions of people. More importantly small and marginal farmers account for three-quarters of these households. Income from livestock production accounts for 14-15% of total farmhouse holds income in different states. Thus, an increase in demand for livestock products can be a major factor in raising the income and living standard of rural households. The majority of rural dairy farmers need support for building up their capacity development through entrepreneurial training programme which help them to upgrade their knowledge and create confidence in their endeavour in the existing farming system.
- How to Start a Successful Dairy Farm
These are the five steps to start a Dairy Farm
- Project Report of Dairy Farming : To understand your planning and budgets
- Layout Planning and infrastructure development
- Animal Sourcing
- Dairy Farm Machinery
- Herd Management
Factors for successful dairy farming kept in knowledge are
- Indian Dairy Scenario
- Details about Location of the dairy farm
- Techno Economic Parameters
- Milking Cows breed and cost
- Land required for project
- Feed and Fodder management and cost
- Working staff required and cost
- Machinery required and cost
- Infrastructure Building cost
- Herd Projection
- Breeding and Insemination management
Layout Planning and infrastructure development
- Conceptual Layouts covering all aspects of Modern Dairy Farm Milking Cow Shed
- Heifer Shed
- Calf Housing
- Milking parlour with Treatment area and Utilities section
- Office and Milk Processing Area
- Other Infrastructure needs like Guard Room, Meter Rooms
- Traffic Handling
- Manure Handling
- Bio Gas
- Drainage at the farm.
- Silage, Grains and Hay Storage
- Labour Quarters
- Planning for different Resources like water, Electricity, Waste Water
- Electric Points
Land Selection
When looking for land, Please check the following
- There is enough water for the farm for 100 Cows you need 25,000 Litres per day for all the activities of the farm.
- The digging bore is not too deep and there is water available for irrigation purpose also.
- There is good three phase Electric connection Close to main road
- Away from Other Poultry or Dairy Farm for Bio Security.
- There are no big Hills or any building that will obstruct natural ventilation.
- The water is good quality and does not have too much salinity or Nitrates or any sort of Heavy metals in it.
- It is either a rectangular or a square plot helps with better design
- It is well levelled and you do not have to spend money in levelling of the same.
Animal Sourcing
- Always bring animals in Bathes of 10 to 15.
- These 10 to 15 cows should include Milking cows of 1st lactation, 2nd lactation, some Heifers and some calf’s.
- A Farm should have 70/30 Milking/ Dry Cows Ratio.
- Never Purchase High yielder animals.
- Plan quarantine shed in your farm.
- HF will Cost you 50K to 90K.
Herd Management: Key to Success
Cow milking process management: you have to manage complete milking process to get maximum milk.
- Milk Deviation: Actual Milk recording for each milking, you can know why the milk is deviating and why there is a loss/or increase in milk production
- Milk let down
- Actual Milking time of individual cattle.
- Cluster Kick Offs and unnecessary attachments
Feed Management system
- Lactation Wise, Weight wise, Milk Production wise
- Feed Management
- Size of feed
- Concentration and roughage
Health Management System:
Controlling of all type of disease at first stage
- Health Problems like Mastitis Detection, Negative energy Balance, Ketosis, By reducing culling of cows and this makes better utilization, a lot of culling takes place because of Cows having udder infection or even a repeaters
- Reduction inter-calving Period: Reducing inter calving period that means the gap between two calving is one of the most important aspects in managing the farm If it is within the limits then everything is automatically in control, Timely detection of heat means more milk and more calves apart from good health, this itself means saving of more than 10,000-15,000
- Poultry farming
- Benefits of Poultry Farming:
- Poultry farming provides a high yield.
- Much capital is not required to become a poultry farmer.
- Lots of spaces are not required to begin poultry farming. You can start with your available area.
- Only low maintenance is needed for poultry farmers.
- One can easily acquire a license for this business.
- You are raising agricultural products that have immediate demand.
- Employment opportunities on multiple levels.
- Most financial institutions & businessmen will approve lending packages for poultry farmers.
- It has a quick return on your investment.
- Marketing is very easy.
- Introduction
- Poultry is one of the fastest-growing segments of the agricultural sector in India.
- While the production of crops has been rising at a rate of 1.5 to 2 per cent per annum. That of eggs and broilers has been rising at a rate of 8 to 10 percent per annum.
- Poultry industry contributes about 0.77% of the national GDP and approximately 10% of the livestock GDP and employs over five million people in the country. As a result, India is the world’s fifth-largest egg producer and the eighteenth largest producer of broilers. India ranks 17th on world poultry production index.
- The organized sector of the poultry industry is contributing nearly 70% of the total output and the rest 30% in the unorganized sector.
- Layer industry is well dominated in southern states especially, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra producing nearly 70% of the country’s eggs production.
- Chicken, turkey, duck and goose are all types of birds called poultry. They are reared for meat.
- Poultry is the class of domesticated fowl (birds) farmed for their meat, eggs or feathers. Chicken is the most popular poultry species utilized for both meat and egg production.
- Chickens
- Chickens make up the largest sector of the poultry industry.
- Consumption of chicken in the INDIA is rising every year.
- Chicken is LOW in fat, HIGH in protein and LOW in cholesterol when compared to meats such as pork and beef.
- Broiler–
This is used mainly for meat. A broiler is a chicken of 4-6 weeks of age and weighs 4 pounds when it is sent to market.
- Hatchery
- The eggs are incubated at the hatchery. They are kept warm, until the chicks start to hatch out of their shells.
- Though starting a hatchery requires higher investment, it offers good return.
- Incubator temperature should be 99.5 degree F and humidity should be 55-60 % for 18 days.
- Hatcher temperature should be 98.5 degree F and humidity should be 65- 75 % for last 3 days.
- VENTILATION is important in incubators and hatchers because fresh oxygenated air is needed for the respiration for developing embryo from egg setting until chick removal from incubators.
- For every 1% drop in oxygen there is 5 % reduction in hatchability.
- Turning of egg should be done at least 8 times a day in incubators. Turning of egg is not required in hatchers.
- Fodder Supplier
- The main constraint which hampers the growth of livestock production is the inadequacy of nutritious fodder. As there is more than 60% fodder deficit in India, veterinarians can combine together, purchase fertile land and produce quality fodder and supply them to the nearby livestock farmers. They can also start seed / fodder banks in the potential areas.
- Farm Equipment manufacturer / Dealer
- A Number of farm equipments are needed for livestock farms. For example, in case of dairy farms, chaff cutter, milking machine, feeding manager, etc. are needed. Poultry farmers need debeaker, vaccinator, automatic feeder, waterer, etc. Demand for farm equipments increases with the wide adoptation of intensive livestock and poultry farming system. The veterinarians can either start on own or they can act as dealer for these equipment
.
- Livestock products processor
- Value Addition to the livestock products such as milk, egg, meat, and fish having huge profit potential. Value of the products get increased many folds during processing, and thereby provide excellent returns. Veterinarians can start milk parlor, where they can sell processed milk and milk products like flavored milk, Khoa, ice cream, etc. or meat centre where fried chicken, chicken 65, mutton keema, etc. could be sold. Marketing of value added products could be done in their own brand name and they can start chain of parlors / hotels later.
- Contract Farming
- Contract farming is a emerging system where the livestock farmers are given all the inputs such as chicks/animals, feed, medicines, technical inputs, etc. Farmers have to rear the chicks/animals and the integrator will take care of the marketing activities. Veterinarians can join together and venture into contract farming. Being technical savvy would help them in getting loans, maintaining farm business and marketing the products.
- Leather Industry
- Leather industry is so far unexplored by the Veterinarians. It offers great profit potential. The skin and hide from animals are usually purchased by the intermediaries in the villages at a throw away prices and are sold to the processors at a huge margin. The processors add value to the raw skin and make products and export / sell them at a very high price. The veterinarians can perform the role of these intermediates.
- Agents for by products utilization
- The livestock feed manufacturers and pharmaceuticals require several ingredients such as bone meal, fish meal, blood meal etc. which they are getting from the agents at contract basis. Here, veterinarians can make interventions. They can make a tie-up and could meet the requirements of feed manufacturers at a reasonable price and also can earn money.
References
- Agricultural Situation in India, March 2010, Vol. LXVI, No.-13, pp:687-702 1 Dynamics of Livestock Sector in Bihar: A Temporal Analysis
- Rupasi Tiwari, H. Dileep Kumar, Triveni Dutt, B.P. Singh, K. Pachaiyappan and K. Dhama, 2014. Future Challenges of Food Security and Sustainable Livestock Production in India in the Changing Climatic Scenario. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9: 367-384.
- Agarwal, N., D.N. Kamra, L.C. Chaudhary and A.K. Patra, 2006. Effect of Sapindus mukorossi extracts on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics in buffalo rumen liquor. J. Applied Anim. Res., 30: 1-4
- Birthal, P.S. and A.K. Jha, 2005. Economic losses due to various constraints in dairy production in India. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 75: 1476-1480.
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