APPLICATION OF PANCHAGAVYA AS  LIQUID ORGANIC MANURE

 

APPLICATION OF PANCHAGAVYA AS  LIQUID ORGANIC MANURE

Compiled & shared by- DR RAJESH KUMAR SINGH, JAMSHEDPUR,9431309542,rajeshsinghvet@gmail.com

 

Introduction

Panchagavya is considered to be a highly effective liquid organic manure. It has multiple functions and can effectively replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Panchagavya is an organic growth stimulant for all types of plants, milch animals, goat, poultry, fish, etc. It has been used since our ancient times to safeguard plants and soil micro-organisms and to boost plant production. Panchagavya application is found to be more profitable than the recommended fertilizer application and chemical spray. It in prepared from 5 products derived from the cow (‘panch’ meaning five and ‘gavya’ meaning cow). Its main ingredients are:

• cow dung
• cow urine
• cow milk
• cow curd
• cow ghee

But in an effort to improve the recipe and reduce the odour, water of tender coconut, bananas, toddy juice and sugarcane juice is also added.

Application:

Dilute 3 ml of this solution in 100 ml water. Spray the diluted solution over plants and soil. For best results apply regularly- once every 14 days. During winter season, reduce the concentration to about 1.5 ml in 100 ml water.

The word Panchagavya originated from Sanskrit which means the mixture of five products obtained from cow. Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Barapani U Among all five constituents three are direct products cow dung, urine, and milk; while remaining two curd and ghee are derived products. These all five products of cow are individually known as ‘Gavya’ and collectively termed as ‘Panchagavya’. It a blend of five products obtained from cow viz. cow dung, urine, milk curd and ghee and some other constituents like sugar cane juice, coconut water and ripe banana. It has been found that Panchagavya, an organic product has certain plant growth stimulators and nutrients which enhanced the biological efficiency of crop plants and quality of fruits and vegitables and providing immunity in plant system.

 

 

 

Ingradients of Panchagavya

The materials used in the preparation Cow’s ghee of Panchagavya are- Fresh cow dung, fresh cow’s urine, cow’s milk, cow’s curd, jaggery, sugarcane juice, ripe banana fruit, tender coconut and water toddy or neera.

Preparation of Panchagavya

Method of preparation:

• Take 5 kg of fresh cow dung in a plastic drum or mud pot and mix it properly with 500 gms of cow’s ghee. We should not use metal container because this mixture will corrode and react with the metal. Keep this mixture (cow dung and cow’s ghee) for four days and mix it twice in a day.
• On 5th day add cow’s urine, cow’s milk (cow’s milk can be boiled, cooled and then added) and cow’s curd, then jaggery with water or sugarcane juice and banana fruit (which has to be mashed and mixed thoroughly). After this tender coconut water (3 lit.) has to be added.
• Keep the above mixture for another 15 days and stir it twice daily for about 20 minutes to facilitate the aerobic microbial activity.
• On the 19th day the panchagavya solution will be ready for use. It can be stored in a wide mouth earthen pot must be covered with a muslin or fine cloth so that the common fly cannot sit on it and lay eggs. After 19th day, stir the mixture at least once a day to aerate it.

 

 

For making approximately 20 kg Panchagavya following quantity of ingredients are requiredS.

No.                           Ingredients Quantity

1. Fresh cow dung 5 kg
2. Fresh cow’s urine 3 lit.
3. Cow’s milk 2 lit.
4. Cow’s curd 2 lit.
5. Cow’s ghee 500 gms
6. Jaggery 500 gms
7. Sugarcane juice 3 lit.
8. Ripe banana fruit 1 dozen
9. Tender coconut water 3 lit.

 

Panchagavya can be prepared as follows:-

 

In a wide mouthed mud vessel, put five litres of cowdung slurry, three litres of cow’s urine, two litres of cow’s milk, two litres if curd prepared from cow’s milk and one litre of cow’s ghee. Mix these ingredients thoroughly and the mouth of the vessel must be covered with a clean cloth for ensuring aeration for the fermenting unit. The vessel with contents must be placed in a shady place. The ingredients must be mixed thoroughly with hand every day in the morning and evening for 10 – 15 days. It can be stored and used for the next 30 days. Before spraying on plants, three litres of panchagavya may be mixed with 100 litres of water. Since ghee does not dissolve easily, power sprayer is the best option for spraying.

 

Effect Of Panchgavya Manure On Plant Growth

 

Many farmers from their experience revealed the growth promoting effect of panchagavya, especially in the cultivation of rice, mango etc. Moreover, it helps to preserve the quality of crops, soil and environment. It contains several micro and macro nutrients, beneficial microorganisms like bacteria and fungi which promote plant growth.

 

An Effective Pest Repellant

 

Panchagavya also acts as an effective pest repellant. Spraying Panchagavya is highly effective in controlling the fruit fly menace in mango trees.

 

Other Effects

Moreover, gir cow panchagavya along with vermicompost has been observed to enhance the quantity and quality of fruits in mango. Vermicompost @10 kg and one litre panchagavya diluted in 30 litres of water must be sprayed over the crown (foliage ) and at the base of trees of bearing age. Panchagavya alone may be sprayed at the crown and base before the flowering for enhancing the blooming process. The spraying must be repeated at 15-20 days interval till the flowers turn into small fruits. Then the spraying must be repeated at monthly interval. This treatment is highly effective for improving the size, number and color of fruits. Moreover, this organic treatment of vermi compost and panchagavya help the trees to be large leaves forming a profuse canopy and dense rooting system. The taste and shelf life also could be improved by this practice.

 

Modern Research And Findings On Panchgavya Manure

 

Studies conducted at Agricultural Universities of India, revealed the efficiency of panchagavya to improve yield attributes, grain yield and economics of cultivation.

Moreover, parameters like grain size, 1000 grain weight and milling quality and cooking qualities like cooking time, volume expansion ratio and water absorption ratio. Also, higher sensory scores were obtained as compared to the recommended NPK through chemical fertilisers.

Panchagavya enhances growth and induces quick flowering, besides imparting resistance to pests and diseases.

It also helps to advance this maturity of crops. In commercial flowers crops like jasmine, it ensures continuous flowering. Spraying two rounds of panchagavya one before the flower initiation and another during pod / fruit setting phase is providing quick flowering and thereby increases the productivity. In jasmine it ensures continuous flowering. In moringa with synchronized flowering and doubled the yield of Moringa pods. It can be used for groundnut, turmeric and many other crops. Seed materials also can be treated by soaking tem in panchagavya for about 2 hours. Seedlings can be dipped in this for few minutes to wet their root zone before planting.

The uniqueness of panchagavya is that it provides growth promoting hormones and immunity boosters for plants.

This can be used for seed/sapling treatments and also to control the spread of seed borne diseases. Panchagavya may be applied for any crop and the application period is very important and hence it must be carefully planned.

Adding panchagavya during the composting process helps to improve the quality of compost. Using panchagavya also helps to increase the yield and quality of the products. Compared to chemical fertilisers, this is less expensive and more ecofriendly with no side effects.

 

Characteristics of Panchagavya

 

 Panchagavya is an organic liquid fertilizer, stimulates the growth and boosts the immunity in all type of plants. It has all macro and micro nutrients along with growth hormones (IAA & GA) needed for plant growth. It has been reported that some biofertlizers like Azospirillum (1010), Azotobactor (109), Phosphobacteria (107) and Psudomonas (106) were found in per ml solution of Panchagavya (Solaiappan, 2002). Microbial flora like yeast and lactobacilli are present in larger proportion due to fermentation substrates like jaggery/sugarcane juice and milk and milk products at low pH. The low pH of the solution was due to the production of organic acids as a result of microbial fermentation. During fermentation lactobacilli produces some beneficial metabolites i.e. organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and antibiotics, effective against other harmful microbes besides their growth promoting properties in plants. Table-2

Chemical composition of Panchagavya

S.No         Components          Values

1. pH 5.45
2. EC dSm2 10.22
3. Total N (ppm) 229
4. Total P (ppm) 209
5. Total K (ppm) 232
6. Sodium 90
7. Calcium 25
8. IAA (ppm) 8.5
9. GA (ppm) 3.5

 

Table-3 Microflora found in Panchagavya

 S.No.            Microbes         Number

1. Fungi 38800/ml
2. Bacteria 1880000/ml
3. Lactobacillus 2260000/ml
4. Total anaerobes 10000/ml
5. Acid formers 360/ml
6. Methanogen 250/ml

 

Application of Panchagavya ——-

 

1. As organic fertilizer: For spraying on plants 200 ml of properly stirred Panchagavya solution can be diluted with 10 lit of water. However, 1000 ml of this solution can be diluted in 10 liters of water for soil application. Generally 3 % diluted solution of Panchagavya is used for spraying in most of crop plants, while 1.5- 2% usage is sufficient for winter crops. For best results Panchagavya solution can be used at 15 days interval for all crops.
2. Seed/seedling treatment: Prior to sowing seeds can be soaked and seedlings can be dipped in 3 per cent solution of Panchakavya for about 30 minutes before sowing to get good results from the crops.

• Seed storage: 3% of Panchagavya solution can be used to dip the seeds before drying and storing them. IV. As pesticide: When 3 lit. of Panchagavya solution diluted with 100 lit. of water can be used to get rid of pests and diseases and also get higher yields.

 

Table-4 Time of application of Panchagavya in various crops

S.No.             Crops          Time schedule

1. Rice 10,15,30 and 50th days after transpalnting
2. Sunflower 30,45 and 60 days after sowing
3. Black gram Rainfed: 1st flowering and 15 deays after flowering Irrigated: 15, 25 and 40 days after sowing
4. Green gram 15, 25, 30, 40 and 50 days after sowing
5. Castor 30 and 45 days after sowing
6. Groundnut 25 and 30th days after sowing
7. Bhendi 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing
8. Moringa Before flowering and during pod formation
9. Tomato Nursery and 40 days after transplanting: seed treatment with 1 % for 12 hrs
10. Onion 0, 45 and 60 days after transplanting
11. Rose At the time of pruning and budding
12. Jasmine Bud initiation and setting
13. Vanilla Dipping setts before planting

 

Uses of panchagavya ————

 

1. Panchagavya generally used as liquid organic manure in crops. When this solution sprayed, the plants produce larger leaves; more number of lateral shoots leads to higher yield.
2. It promotes the development of root system in plants by producing profuse and dense rooting, penetrate deeper layers and help in better absorption of nutrients and water.
3. Plants can tolerate the drought and require lesser irrigation i.e. about 1/3 of normal water requirement.
4. Due to presence of both micro and macro nutrients in Panchagavya it enhances the soil fertility.
5. Panchagavya has certain plant growth promoters and other antimicrobials which promote plant growth and protect them from pathogens which result in higher yield in crops.
6. Panchagavya when sprayed in potato crops along with fumigation reduces the cut worm population and increase potato yield (Selvaraj, 2003).
7. It has been reported that Panchagavya is much effective against leafhopper and whitefly in Bhendi (Bomiraj et al., 2004).
8. Panchagavya is an effective pest repellent and can be used in controlling the fruit flies in mango trees.
9. Panchagavya can also be used as an Antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diet. It is also utilized in fish ponds to increase the growth of Planktons (fish feed).
10. When Panchgavya fed to cow and sheep, cured certain diseases and improve milk production in cows. Egg laying capacity of chicken and gain in body weight of cross bred pigs increased when fed on Panchagavya