Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) from Cow Dung: A Key to Sustainable Agriculture & Livestock Farming in Indian Scenario

Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) from Cow Dung: A Key to Sustainable Agriculture & Livestock Farming in Indian Scenario

Introduction

Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) is a biologically enriched organic manure prepared by fermenting cow dung with specific microbial cultures and plant-based additives. It enhances soil fertility, improves microbial diversity, and provides crop-specific nutrition. This concept aligns perfectly with the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) under the Government of India, which promotes sustainable and chemical-free agricultural practices.

Relevance to the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)

The NMNF is an initiative aimed at promoting natural farming techniques, reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, and enhancing soil health.

CFOM fits into NMNF’s objectives by:

Reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers

Enhancing soil organic matter

Promoting indigenous microbial activity

Providing site- and crop-specific nutrition

CFOM is an advanced form of Jeevamrit and Beejamrit, the traditional bio-inputs recommended under NMNF.

Steps to Prepare Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) from Cow Dung

1. Selection of Raw Materials

Cow dung (primary component) – 50–60%

Cow urine (enhances microbial activity) – 10–15%

Crop-specific plant residues (e.g., legume husks for nitrogen, banana peels for potassium) – 10–15%

Microbial inoculants (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Trichoderma, etc.) – 2–5%

Rock phosphate or wood ash (for phosphorus and potassium) – 5%

Jaggery or molasses (fermentation enhancer) – 2%

Pulses flour (as microbial food) – 2%

2. Preparation Process

Step 1: Collection and Mixing

Mix fresh cow dung, cow urine, and water in a 1:1:2 ratio to form a slurry.

Add jaggery/molasses to boost microbial activity.

Step 2: Addition of Crop-Specific Ingredients

For paddy and wheat: Use legume husks (nitrogen-rich) and rock phosphate.

For vegetables: Add banana peels, wood ash, and Trichoderma culture for disease resistance.

For pulses: Incorporate rhizobium-enriched compost for nitrogen fixation.

For fruit trees: Use fermented neem leaves and banana stems for pest resistance and potassium.

Step 3: Fermentation

Store the mixture in a shaded place in earthen pots or plastic drums.

Stir the mixture daily for 7–15 days to ensure proper aeration.

Maintain moisture at 50–60% for microbial growth.

Step 4: Maturation and Application

After fermentation, the CFOM should have an earthy smell (no foul odor).

Apply it directly to the soil at 500 kg per acre or use as a liquid manure after dilution.

For best results, use CFOM before sowing and during crop growth stages.

Benefits of CFOM in Natural Farming

1. Soil Health Improvement

Increases organic carbon and microbial biodiversity.

Improves soil structure and moisture retention.

2. Crop-Specific Nutrient Enrichment

Balanced nutrient supply based on crop requirements.

Slow release of nutrients, ensuring continuous availability.

3. Pest and Disease Resistance

Beneficial microbes like Trichoderma and Pseudomonas suppress soil pathogens.

Plant extracts like neem and garlic act as natural pest repellents.

4. Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective

Reduces dependency on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.

Utilizes farm waste, making it a low-cost and sustainable option.

Implementation under NMNF

To promote CFOM under the National Mission on Natural Farming, the following steps can be taken:

1. Training Programs: Conduct farmer training sessions on CFOM preparation.

2. Subsidies & Incentives: Provide financial assistance for CFOM preparation units.

3. Research & Development: Collaborate with ICAR, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), and universities for scientific validation.

4. Awareness Campaigns: Use digital platforms, farmer cooperatives, and FPOs to spread knowledge.

5. Integration with Natural Farming Models: CFOM can be integrated with ZBNF (Zero Budget Natural Farming) and organic farming projects.

                                         CFOM, prepared from cow dung and other natural ingredients, is a scientifically advanced, eco-friendly, and crop-specific manure that enhances soil fertility and crop health. It is a key component in natural farming, perfectly aligning with the objectives of the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF). By promoting CFOM, India can move towards sustainable, chemical-free, and profitable agriculture.

Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) Formulations for Indian Agriculture

Below are detailed formulations of CFOM for different crops in the Indian context, along with field-level implementation guidelines.

1. CFOM for Cereal Crops (Paddy & Wheat)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 15%

Green Gram Husk or Legume Crop Residues: 10% (Enhances nitrogen content)

Rock Phosphate: 5% (Boosts phosphorus availability)

Wood Ash: 5% (Potassium source)

Jaggery: 2% (Supports microbial growth)

Azospirillum & Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB): 5%

Neem Leaf Powder: 3% (Acts as a bio-pesticide)

Fermentation Time: 10–15 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: 200–300 kg/acre incorporated into the soil.

During Growth: Apply 50–100 kg/acre at tillering and flowering stages.

Foliar Spray: Mix 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water and spray at the booting stage.

2. CFOM for Pulses (Gram, Lentils, Pigeon Pea, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 55%

Cow Urine: 10%

Pulse Crop Residues (Chickpea husk, Moong husk): 10%

Wood Ash: 5%

Rhizobium Culture: 5% (Boosts nitrogen fixation)

PSB & Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Trichoderma Powder: 3% (Disease resistance)

Fermentation Time: 7–10 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: Apply 150–200 kg/acre during field preparation.

Top Dressing: 50 kg/acre at pod formation.

Seed Treatment: Coat seeds with a 5% CFOM slurry before sowing.

3. CFOM for Vegetables (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Okra, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 10%

Banana Peels & Wood Ash: 10% (Enhances potassium)

Neem Cake Powder: 5% (Acts as pest repellent)

Trichoderma & Pseudomonas Culture: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Pulses Flour: 5% (Microbial food)

Fermentation Time: 7–12 days

Field Application

Before Transplanting: Apply 300 kg/acre in beds or furrows.

During Growth: Apply 50 kg/acre at flowering & fruiting.

Foliar Spray: 5 kg CFOM in 100 L water, spray every 10 days.

4. CFOM for Fruit Crops (Mango, Banana, Citrus, Guava, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 15%

Neem & Karanja Leaves: 10% (Pest resistance)

Wood Ash & Rock Phosphate: 10%

Trichoderma & Mycorrhiza Culture: 5%

Pulses Flour: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Fermentation Time: 15 days

Field Application

For Young Plants: 5–10 kg/plant at planting.

For Mature Trees: 20–50 kg/tree twice a year (before flowering & fruiting).

Foliar Application: 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water, spray before flowering.

5. CFOM for Sugarcane

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 10%

Sugarcane Trash (Chopped & Fermented): 10%

Rock Phosphate: 5%

Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Azotobacter & Trichoderma: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Fermentation Time: 15 days

Field Application

Before Planting: Apply 300 kg/acre in furrows.

Top Dressing: 50–100 kg/acre at tillering & elongation.

Drip Irrigation: Mix 10 kg CFOM in 200 L water and use in fertigation.

6. CFOM for Oilseeds (Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 55%

Cow Urine: 10%

Oil Cake Powder (Mustard Cake, Groundnut Cake): 10%

Rock Phosphate: 5%

Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Rhizobium & PSB Culture: 5%

Fermentation Time: 10–12 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: Apply 200 kg/acre during land preparation.

During Flowering: 50 kg/acre for better yield.

Foliar Spray: 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water, spray at flowering & pod formation.

Field-Level Implementation Strategy in India

1. On-Farm Production Units

Farmers can set up small-scale CFOM units at village-level.

KVKs, FPOs, and SHGs can take the lead in training and production.

2. Government Support Under NMNF

CFOM can be included in natural farming training programs.

Financial assistance/subsidies can be provided for organic manure production units.

3. Integration with Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)

CFOM can be used alongside Jeevamrit and Beejamrit for a complete organic nutrient package.

4. Large-Scale Adoption by FPOs & Cooperatives

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can produce and distribute CFOM.

State agriculture departments can integrate CFOM into extension programs.

By adopting CFOM in a crop-specific manner, Indian farmers can:

Enhance soil fertility naturally

Reduce input costs (chemical fertilizers & pesticides)

Improve yield & quality of crops

Promote sustainable farming under NMNF

Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) Formulations for Indian Agriculture

Below are detailed formulations of CFOM for different crops in the Indian context, along with field-level implementation guidelines.

1. CFOM for Cereal Crops (Paddy & Wheat)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 15%

Green Gram Husk or Legume Crop Residues: 10% (Enhances nitrogen content)

Rock Phosphate: 5% (Boosts phosphorus availability)

Wood Ash: 5% (Potassium source)

Jaggery: 2% (Supports microbial growth)

Azospirillum & Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB): 5%

Neem Leaf Powder: 3% (Acts as a bio-pesticide)

Fermentation Time: 10–15 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: 200–300 kg/acre incorporated into the soil.

During Growth: Apply 50–100 kg/acre at tillering and flowering stages.

Foliar Spray: Mix 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water and spray at the booting stage.

2. CFOM for Pulses (Gram, Lentils, Pigeon Pea, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 55%

Cow Urine: 10%

Pulse Crop Residues (Chickpea husk, Moong husk): 10%

Wood Ash: 5%

Rhizobium Culture: 5% (Boosts nitrogen fixation)

PSB & Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Trichoderma Powder: 3% (Disease resistance)

Fermentation Time: 7–10 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: Apply 150–200 kg/acre during field preparation.

Top Dressing: 50 kg/acre at pod formation.

Seed Treatment: Coat seeds with a 5% CFOM slurry before sowing.

3. CFOM for Vegetables (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Okra, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 10%

Banana Peels & Wood Ash: 10% (Enhances potassium)

Neem Cake Powder: 5% (Acts as pest repellent)

Trichoderma & Pseudomonas Culture: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Pulses Flour: 5% (Microbial food)

Fermentation Time: 7–12 days

Field Application

Before Transplanting: Apply 300 kg/acre in beds or furrows.

During Growth: Apply 50 kg/acre at flowering & fruiting.

Foliar Spray: 5 kg CFOM in 100 L water, spray every 10 days.

4. CFOM for Fruit Crops (Mango, Banana, Citrus, Guava, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 15%

Neem & Karanja Leaves: 10% (Pest resistance)

Wood Ash & Rock Phosphate: 10%

Trichoderma & Mycorrhiza Culture: 5%

Pulses Flour: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Fermentation Time: 15 days

Field Application

For Young Plants: 5–10 kg/plant at planting.

For Mature Trees: 20–50 kg/tree twice a year (before flowering & fruiting).

Foliar Application: 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water, spray before flowering.

5. CFOM for Sugarcane

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 50%

Cow Urine: 10%

Sugarcane Trash (Chopped & Fermented): 10%

Rock Phosphate: 5%

Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Azotobacter & Trichoderma: 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Fermentation Time: 15 days

Field Application

Before Planting: Apply 300 kg/acre in furrows.

Top Dressing: 50–100 kg/acre at tillering & elongation.

Drip Irrigation: Mix 10 kg CFOM in 200 L water and use in fertigation.

6. CFOM for Oilseeds (Mustard, Groundnut, Soybean, etc.)

Ingredients & Formulation

Cow Dung: 55%

Cow Urine: 10%

Oil Cake Powder (Mustard Cake, Groundnut Cake): 10%

Rock Phosphate: 5%

Potassium Mobilizing Bacteria (KMB): 5%

Jaggery: 2%

Rhizobium & PSB Culture: 5%

Fermentation Time: 10–12 days

Field Application

Before Sowing: Apply 200 kg/acre during land preparation.

During Flowering: 50 kg/acre for better yield.

Foliar Spray: 5 kg CFOM in 200 L water, spray at flowering & pod formation.

Field-Level Implementation Strategy in India

1. On-Farm Production Units

Farmers can set up small-scale CFOM units at village-level.

KVKs, FPOs, and SHGs can take the lead in training and production.

2. Government Support Under NMNF

CFOM can be included in natural farming training programs.

Financial assistance/subsidies can be provided for organic manure production units.

3. Integration with Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)

CFOM can be used alongside Jeevamrit and Beejamrit for a complete organic nutrient package.

4. Large-Scale Adoption by FPOs & Cooperatives

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can produce and distribute CFOM.

State agriculture departments can integrate CFOM into extension programs.

By adopting CFOM in a crop-specific manner, Indian farmers can:

Enhance soil fertility naturally

Reduce input costs (chemical fertilizers & pesticides)

Improve yield & quality of crops

Promote sustainable farming under NMNF

 CFOM Production at Village & FPO Level: A Scalable Model

To ensure large-scale adoption of Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure (CFOM) under the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF), setting up production units at the village or FPO level is essential. Below is a detailed implementation plan.

1. CFOM Production Model at Village Level

• Infrastructure Requirements
• Cow Dung & Cow Urine Source

Local dairy farms, Gaushalas, or individual farmers.

At least 500–1000 kg cow dung daily for a small unit.

2. Fermentation Pits or Tanks

Brick-lined pits (10 ft × 6 ft × 3 ft) OR

Plastic/Concrete Tanks (500–1000 L capacity)

3. Raw Material Storage Area

Shade-covered area to store rock phosphate, neem leaves, wood ash, etc.

4. Water Supply & Mixing Facility

Manual mixing (spades) or mechanical mixers for large-scale units.

5. Packaging Unit

For bagging CFOM (if sold in solid form).

Step-by-Step Production Process

Step 1: Raw Material Collection & Preparation

Collect cow dung, cow urine, plant residues, and microbial cultures.

Chop crop residues into small pieces (for faster decomposition).

Step 2: Mixing & Fermentation

Mix cow dung, cow urine, and water in a 1:1:2 ratio in the fermentation pit.

Add crop-specific amendments (rock phosphate, neem powder, banana peels, etc.).

Stir the mixture twice daily for aeration.

Fermentation period: 7–15 days (depends on the crop).

Step 3: Maturation & Testing

CFOM should have an earthy smell (no foul odor).

pH should be between 6.5 – 7.5 (ideal for soil application).

Microbial testing (if required) can be done at local Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs).

Step 4: Application & Distribution

Farmers can directly apply CFOM in their fields.

For community usage, CFOM can be packed in 25 kg bags and sold.

Cost & Revenue Estimation (Small Village Unit for 10 Farmers, 1 Ton/Month Production)

Initial Setup Cost: ₹50,000 – ₹1,00,000 (pits, storage, mixing tools).

Recurring Cost: ₹5,000 – ₹10,000/month (labor, raw material collection).

Revenue Model:

Local farmers: ₹3–5 per kg (bulk use).

Market price: ₹8–15 per kg (if packed & branded).

Annual Profit Potential: ₹1.5–3 lakh (if sold at scale).

• CFOM Production at FPO Level (Commercial Scale)
• Infrastructure & Machinery
• Larger Fermentation Tanks (2000–5000 L capacity).

2. Biogas Plant Integration (CFOM byproduct can be used in biogas).
3. Mechanical Mixing & Aeration System (reduces labor costs).
4. Packing & Labeling Unit (for commercial sales).
5. Cold Storage (Optional) for extending shelf-life.

Production & Supply Chain

1. Raw Material Sourcing

Dairy farms, local Gaushalas, or FPO-run cow shelters.

Crop residues from member farmers.

2. Processing & Fermentation

Large-scale production in batch-wise cycles (7–15 days).

3. Quality Control & Standardization

Lab testing for nutrient content & microbial diversity.

Certification from organic farming boards (PKVY, NPOP).

4. Marketing & Distribution

Direct sale to farmer groups & cooperative societies.

Retail packaging (5 kg, 10 kg, 25 kg) for agri-input shops.

Supply to organic markets, horticulture farms, and contract farming companies.

Business Model & Profitability (100 Ton/Year Capacity FPO Unit)

Initial Setup Cost: ₹5–10 lakh (equipment, tanks, packaging unit).

Production Cost: ₹2–3 per kg.

Market Price: ₹8–15 per kg.

Annual Profit: ₹5–10 lakh (after operational expenses).

3. Government Support Under NMNF

The National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) can support village & FPO-level CFOM production through:

1. Financial Assistance & Subsidies

Up to ₹5 lakh for setting up community-based organic input units.

50% subsidy on infrastructure (pits, storage, tanks).

2. Training & Capacity Building

KVKs & Agricultural Universities can train farmers.

State Agricultural Departments can provide technical guidance.

3. Market Linkages & Branding

Integration with Organic Farming Certification Programs (PKVY, NPOP, MOVCD-NER).

Online marketplaces for organic products (Jaivik Kheti Portal, e-NAM).

Case Study: Successful FPO-Led CFOM Production

Example: Natural Farming FPO in Andhra Pradesh

A Farmer Producer Organization (FPO) in Andhra Pradesh started a CFOM unit using cow dung from local dairy farms.

Within 6 months, they scaled production to 20 tons per month.

CFOM was sold to organic vegetable growers at ₹10 per kg, generating ₹2 lakh/month profit.

Village-Level CFOM Units: Can be set up with minimal investment, ensuring cost-effective natural inputs.

FPO-Led CFOM Production: Can be a profitable business model, creating employment and supporting sustainable agriculture.

Government Support: NMNF, PKVY, and FPO schemes can be leveraged for funding & training.

Market Linkages: Selling CFOM in bulk to farmers & organic growers can create a self-sustaining business model.

Forms of CFOM (Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure) in the Market

CFOM can be marketed in three main forms, depending on its intended use, ease of application, and farmer preference.

1. Liquid CFOM

Formulation: Fermented slurry (filtered & diluted)

Usage: Foliar spray, drip irrigation, seed treatment

Production Process

After 7–15 days of fermentation, the liquid is filtered using a fine mesh or cloth.

Dilution: Mixed with water at a 1:10 or 1:20 ratio before field application.

Packaging: Sold in 5L, 10L, 20L plastic containers.

Market Potential

Highly effective for vegetable & fruit crops.

Can be stored for 3–6 months in cool conditions.

Higher profit margins (₹50–100 per liter) in organic farming.

2. Solid CFOM (Moist or Dry)

Formulation: Semi-solid or dried compost-like material

Usage: Basal soil application, top dressing

Production Process

Semi-solid (moist) CFOM: Directly used after fermentation (7–15 days).

Dry CFOM: Sun-dried or shade-dried for 3–7 days, then powdered.

Packaging: Sold in 5kg, 10kg, 25kg bags.

Market Potential

Easy to transport & store (6–12 months shelf-life).

Best for field crops (rice, wheat, pulses, maize, sugarcane, etc.).

Retail price ₹5–15 per kg (depending on quality).

3. Granulated CFOM

Formulation: Small granules (pelletized manure)

Usage: Mechanized field application (fertilizer spreader, seed drill)

Production Process

After fermentation, dry CFOM is mixed with a binder (like cow urine or jaggery solution).

Granulation is done using a pelletizer or manually.

Sun-dried for 3–5 days, then packaged.

Packaging: 10kg, 25kg, 50kg bags.

Market Potential

Best suited for large-scale farming (row crops, plantations, forestry).

Long shelf-life (1–2 years).

Priced at ₹10–20 per kg due to higher processing costs.

Which Form is Best for Jamshedpur Farmers?

For vegetable growers & orchards → Liquid CFOM (for foliar spray & fertigation).

For small farmers (paddy, pulses, maize, wheat) → Solid CFOM (moist or dry, direct soil application).

For commercial farmers & FPOs → Granulated CFOM (mechanized application).

 CFOM Packaging & Branding Strategy for Jamshedpur Market

A well-planned packaging & branding strategy is crucial for making CFOM a successful product at the village or FPO level. Below is a structured plan tailored for Jamshedpur farmers, cooperatives, and organic markets.

1. Packaging Formats Based on CFOM Type
2. Branding Elements for CFOM Packaging
3. Label Design (Essential Information)

Each CFOM package should have:

Product Name (E.g., “Jhar-Natural CFOM for Vegetables”)

Type of CFOM (Liquid / Solid / Granules)

Key Nutrients (NPK values, microbial content)

Crop-Specific Benefits (E.g., “Best for Tomato, Chilli, Okra”)

Usage Instructions (Application method & dosage)

Certification Tags (If applicable, e.g., PKVY, Organic India)

FPO/Village Producer Name (“Produced by XYZ FPO, Jamshedpur”)

Contact Number & QR Code (For orders & feedback)

1. Branding & Logo Ideas

Use Jharkhand-themed branding to build local identity (e.g., tribal art, bamboo patterns).

A “100% Natural & Organic” certification stamp builds farmer trust.

A tagline like “Soil Health, Farmer Wealth” makes it relatable.

3. Pricing & Distribution Strategy
4. Pricing Recommendations (Competitive Yet Profitable)

Sales & Distribution Channels

Direct Sales to Farmers – Set up small collection & sale centers at Krishi Kendras, local FPOs, or weekly farmer markets.

Retail Sales via Agri-Input Shops – Partner with fertilizer dealers & agri-stores in Jamshedpur & surrounding areas.

Online Sales via Govt. Portals – Register CFOM on Jaivik Kheti Portal, e-NAM, AgriBazaar.

B2B Sales to Organic Growers & Co-ops – Bulk supply to vegetable & fruit growers using natural farming practices.

Government & NGO Tie-ups – Link CFOM sales with Jharkhand State Organic Farming Mission, NGOs promoting natural farming.

4. Marketing Strategies to Boost CFOM Adoption
5. Demonstration & Farmer Awareness Campaigns

Organize field demonstrations in nearby villages.

Work with Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) & State Agriculture Department for farmer training sessions.

Distribute sample packets (1kg free trial for small farmers).

1. Promotional Techniques

Farmers’ Testimonial Videos showcasing CFOM success.

WhatsApp Groups for FPOs & Villages to share CFOM benefits.

Collaboration with Agri-Influencers (YouTube & Facebook).

Next Steps: Implementation Plan for Jamshedpur

Identify a village/FPO unit for CFOM production.

Design labels & packaging for a pilot batch.

Organize a field demo & awareness session in nearby farms.

List the product on online agri-portals for wider reach.

Layout Design for Setting Up a CFOM Unit at FPO Level in Jharkhand

A well-designed CFOM (Crop-Specific Fermented Organic Manure) unit should optimize space, workflow efficiency, and hygiene. Below is a detailed layout design with essential infrastructure for an FPO-level CFOM unit in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

1. Land Requirement & Basic Infrastructure

Minimum Land Required: 0.5 – 1 acre (for handling 5–10 tons of CFOM daily)

Location Preference: Near dairy farms, cow shelters (Gaushalas), or large farms

Basic Utilities Needed:

Water Source (Borewell or Tank) – Essential for fermentation.

Electricity – Required for mixing units, pumps, and lighting.

Road Access – For raw material supply & CFOM distribution.

• Layout Plan (Key Sections & Area Allocation)
• Step-by-Step Layout Structure

Entry & Raw Material Storage Zone (Front Area)

Cow dung & urine storage tanks (shade-covered).

Crop residue chopping area (for easy fermentation).

Jaggery, pulse flour & microbial culture storage (dry area).

1. Fermentation & Processing Area (Central Zone)

Fermentation Pits (5–10 units, 10ft x 6ft x 3ft each) – For batch-wise CFOM preparation.

Manual or Motorized Mixing Area – For uniform blending of cow dung, crop residues, and microbial cultures.

1. Drying & Curing Section (Open but Covered)

Sun-drying platforms for solid CFOM (3–5 days drying time).

Curing pits for long-term maturation (optional).

1. Processing & Granulation Unit (If Making Granular CFOM)
2. Pulverizer machine for fine grinding of dry CFOM.

Granulator (Pelletizer) Unit (if producing granules).

1. Storage & Packaging Section

Separate rooms for solid & liquid CFOM packaging.

Bagging machines (for 5kg, 10kg, 25kg packaging).

1. Office & Farmer Training Section

Administrative block – Office for records & staff.

Farmer training area – Small hall with demo units.

1. Vehicle Parking & Dispatch Zone (Near Exit)

Loading Dock for transporting CFOM to farms & markets.

Parking area for raw material transport vehicles.

4. Diagram: Layout Design for a 1-Acre CFOM Unit

Here is the layout design for setting up a CFOM production unit at the FPO level in Jharkhand. It includes designated sections for raw material storage, fermentation pits, drying areas, processing units, packaging, training, and transport.

Compiled ,Edited & shared by Team LITD