Pharmacology

General Ruminotoric preparations for use in livestock in india

May 29, 2022

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General Ruminotoric preparations for use in livestock in india

Ruminotorics:

Agents and mixtures that promote forestomach function (fermentation and motility) are known as ruminotorics. Formulations that contain glucogenic substrates, minerals, cofactors, and bitters (eg, nux vomica) have limited application in current therapy of ruminoreticular indigestion. Generally, restoration of the normal ruminoreticular environment using a physiologic approach is much more satisfactory.

Oral administration of specific alkalinizing or acidifying agents should not be routinely undertaken in cases of indigestion. Magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide are strongly alkalinizing agents able to substantially increase rumen pH and thus create a hostile environment for rumen protozoa. These compounds, when given at label dose to dairy cattle, result in significant decrease in rumen fermentation and a decrease in number of rumen protozoa. Therefore, these compounds should only be administered to cattle with a confirmed diagnosis of grain overload.

Mineral oil (1–2 L) or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS, 90–120 mL in 1–2 L of water) administered PO or via nasogastric tube followed by gentle ruminal massage can help promote the dissolution and passage of impacted fibrous ruminal omasal or abomasal contents. DSS can markedly depress rumen protozoa; thus, ruminal transfaunation should follow use of this agent if ruminal hypomotility continues.

Ruminotorics are agents and mixtures that promote forestomach function (fermentation and motility).
Typically such mixtures consist bitters like nuxvomica to stimulate salivation and perhaps ruminal contractions,
alkalinizing compounds like magnesium oxide to elevate a low ruminal fluid pH,
galactogenic substance like glycerol,
minerals like cobalt as co-factors for microbial enzyme function and
salts like phosphate as buffers to maintain osmolality.
Bitters: (e.g: nux vomica, ginger, capsicum)- stimulate salivation which may enhance rumen function, however, the efficacy of bitters is minimal. Bitters are administered orally.
Cholinergics (e.g: neostigmine, bethenachol)- transiently increase the frequency, but not the strength , of contractions in rumen atony. Cholinergics are administered subcutaneously.
Opiate antagonists (e.g: naloxone)- stimulate extrinsic contractions when administered parenterally. Opiate antagonists are useful for the treatment of endotoxin-induced rumen stasis.
Rumen fluid transfer – Oral inoculation of viable rumen bacteria and protozoa is the most effective means of restoring rumen function following correction of the primary cause of stasis

Here are a short list of Rumenotonic preparation of some veterinary pharmaceuticals for ready reference.

Rumenotonic preparations

Name of Drugs	Dose&CONCENTRATION	T.N. WITH PRESANTATION	Indications
AMYST	Sea Flora extract 1000 mg Saccharomyces-17.6 X 10⁹ Aspergillis Oryzae 500 mg PO	Bol. AMYST…2’s L. A. 1-2 bolus BID S.A. ½ -1 bolus /BID	Probiotic & /nutritional supplement in anorexia use
ECOTAS	C/B: 2 boli BID for 4 days PO	Bol. ECOTAS…8’S(intas)	To improve digestion during prolonged off-feed condition adjunct to antibiotics & anti-diarrheal, post weaning micro flora replacer
RUMENTAS	LA: 2 boli. BID for 2-3 days	Bol. RUMENTAS…4’S(intas)
HIMALYAN BATISA	Ayurvedic poweder	Pow. H. BATISA…100g,200g, 400g, 1kg
RUMICARE	Adult cattle: 125g PO S/G: 30g PO	Pow. RUMICARE…125g,500g(MSD) Bol. RUMICARE…4’S	Anorexia, disturbed rumen motility, microfloral imbalance, simple indigestion, ruminal acidosis, ruminal stasis.
RUMISACC	C/B: 2-4 boli. For 3-5 day S/G/Calf: 2 boli. For 3-5 days	Bol. RUMISACC …4’S(Pfizer)
BUFZONE	Rumen buffer, metabolic boosters, yeast. C/B:200g/day for 3day PO	Pow. BUFZONE…200g(intas)	Anorexia, disturbed rumen motility, microfloral imbalance, simple indigestion, ruminal acidosis, ruminal stasis.
Bovirum (Rumen Buffers, Rumenotorics and stomachics)	(Antimony potassium tartrate 2g, Copper Sulphate 50 mg, Cobalt Chloride 100 mg ) S/G: 1-2 boli daily	Bol. BOVIRUM…4’(zydus) LA: 3-4 boli daily	Anorexia, Disturbed rumen, morbility and microfloral inbalance, simple indigestion, ruminal acidosis.