Innovative Technology & Practices Transforming India’s Poultry Farming Sector

Innovative Technology & Practices Transforming India’s Poultry Farming Sector

Dr.Akshara Babu, MVSc Scholar, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab

At the heart of India’s economic canvas, the poultry farming sector takes centre stage, contributing significantly to the nation’s prosperity and growth. Poultry products like meat and eggs are a crucial source of animal protein for the Indian population, as they are more affordable and accessible than many other protein sources. Due to increasing demand for affordable protein sources and changing dietary preferences, the poultry sector has evolved from a small agricultural industry into a rapidly growing one.

India’s poultry industry not only caters to domestic demand but also exports chicken products and eggs to various countries. During the financial year 2022-23, the nation successfully exported 664,753.46 metric tons of poultry products, amounting to a total value of Rs. 1,081.62 crores on the international market (APEDA, 2023). The industry’s egg and chicken production demonstrated an astounding 10% increase over the preceding year, propelling India to its current global ranking of 3^rd in egg production and 6^th in poultry meat production (FAO, 2021). These notable accomplishments can be attributed to changes in consumer preferences, technological advances, management practices, research innovations, and government support. This article explores the transformative journey that has reshaped India’s poultry farming sector by highlighting the impact of innovative technologies and sustainable practices, elevating the sector to new heights.

Genesis of the poultry industry

In the early stages, poultry farming was a small and decentralized sector. People in rural areas often kept a few chickens in their backyards for personal consumption. Egg production was primarily for local consumption, and chicken meat was not as popular as it is today. In rural areas, households modestly maintained a few chickens in their backyards, primarily to meet their own dietary needs. Egg production, though present, was largely confined to local consumption, while the consumption of chicken meat was a far cry from the levels seen today. During this nascent era, the industry embarked on small-scale operations fraught with challenges. Disease outbreaks became a constant threat with limited technological resources and widespread rudimentary practices. The industry’s progress was further disrupted by feed and water wastage and worsened by changing feed prices. Understanding these modest beginnings is essential to appreciate the monumental advancements and innovations that have since propelled the Indian poultry sector to its current status as a global player.

Key Advancements in the Indian Poultry Sector

1. Automation and Smart Farming: One of the most significant innovations in Indian poultry farming is the adoption of automation and smart farming practices. Modern poultry farms in India are equipped with sensors, cameras, and automated feeding systems, revolutionizing the industry and offering tangible benefits to both farmers and consumers. For instance, many poultry farms in India have embraced automated feeding systems that precisely dispense feed based on the birds’ requirements. This not only reduces wastage but also ensures that the birds receive the right nutrients at the right time. Venkys, one of India’s leading poultry companies, has integrated such automation into its operations, which has led to significant improvements in efficiency and feed utilization. Moreover, sensors and cameras play a vital role in monitoring the health and behaviour of birds. For instance, temperature and humidity sensors help create optimal environmental conditions for poultry. In cases of distress or disease outbreaks, these sensors provide early warnings, allowing for prompt intervention. Such smart farming practices have contributed to healthier flocks and a reduction in mortality rates, ultimately enhancing the quality of poultry products. The automation of data collection and analysis has also enabled better decision-making. Companies like Suguna Foods have invested in data-driven approaches to optimize their poultry operations, resulting in more efficient production processes and better-quality products. In addition to increasing efficiency, automation in poultry farming has made it possible for farmers to scale their operations effectively. This, in turn, showcases the industry’s commitment to embracing technology to improve productivity and product quality.
2. Artificial Intelligence in Disease Detection: Artificial intelligence (AI) is being employed to detect and diagnose poultry diseases early, a vital aspect of maintaining the health and productivity of flocks. AI algorithms analyse data from various sources, including images of birds, their behaviour patterns, and environmental conditions. For instance, AI-based image recognition systems can swiftly identify signs of illness or distress in poultry, enabling early intervention. Such systems have been implemented by several Indian poultry farms to improve disease management and reduce losses. A noteworthy project initiated by the ICAR- Directorate of Poultry Research focuses on utilizing IoT sensors for real-time poultry environment monitoring and control. This project aims to minimize stress in poultry, study poultry vocalization, and develop an early warning system by correlating vocalization patterns with health, stress, and gender. Such innovative applications of IoT and AI contribute significantly to the welfare and overall well-being of the birds, thereby enhancing productivity. Consequently, AI is reducing mortality rates and minimizing the need for antimicrobials, which not only contributes to a safer and more sustainable poultry industry but also offers significant relief from the global threat of Antimicrobial Resistance.
3. Technological Advancements: The synergy of biotechnology and genetic selection has ushered in a new era in the Indian poultry industry, characterized by breeds that are remarkably resilient, exhibit accelerated growth rates, and yield superior-quality meat and eggs. Notably, these advancements have led to the creation of poultry strains with the remarkable ability to resist diseases while ensuring prolific harvests. Continual research in this realm is poised to offer even more promising prospects. Researchers are actively working on the development of location-specific poultry breeds that are not only disease-resistant but also optimized for the unique environmental conditions of various regions in India. Scientists involved in the ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on poultry breeding developed five location-specific varieties, namely, Pratapdhan (Udaipur), Kamrupa (Guwahati), Jharsim (Ranchi), Narmadanidhi (Jabalpur), and Himsamridhi (Palampur). This signifies a remarkable step forward in creating adaptable and high-performing poultry breeds tailored to their micro and macroenvironments.
4. Sustainable Practices: In the Indian poultry farming sector, sustainability is a growing priority, with practices like zero-waste farming, organic feed usage, controlled-release nutrient management, and renewable energy integration, such as solar panels, gaining prominence. Zero-waste farming practices are becoming prominent, with farmers utilizing chicken litter and organic waste as compost or biofuel. This approach not only benefits the environment by reducing waste but also provides an economic advantage to farmers. For instance, Punjab-based poultry farmers have successfully converted poultry waste into biofuel, which reduces waste disposal costs and provides an additional income stream. The use of organic feed is another noteworthy sustainability practice, aligning with consumer demand for chemical-free poultry products. Many companies in India produce organic poultry feed, offering farmers a sustainable and eco-friendly option for raising poultry while meeting consumer preferences. An innovative addition to poultry feed is Black Soldier fly larvae meal, which is made from spoiled fruits and vegetables. This protein-rich component is being incorporated into chicken feed, contributing to the production of low-cost, high-quality protein meals for poultry. Furthermore, research into probiotics as antibiotic alternatives has demonstrated their effectiveness in enhancing broiler performance. The reduced reliance on antibiotics in poultry farming is not only sustainable but also addresses the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance. Government initiatives are also playing a significant role in promoting eco-friendly practices in the Indian poultry industry. For instance, the National Solar Mission has encouraged the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, in poultry farms, reducing energy costs and environmental impact.
5. Health and Animal Welfare: Innovative technology and practices have extended to the health and welfare of poultry. The use of wearable devices, such as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags, enables real-time monitoring of individual birds, ensuring their well-being. The use of RFID tags has been exemplified by companies like Suguna Foods, which has integrated these devices into their operations to closely monitor and manage the health and safety of their poultry flocks. This real-time monitoring ensures that any signs of distress or disease are promptly identified, leading to timely interventions and a reduction in mortality rates. Furthermore, advancements in poultry housing and ventilation systems have had a profound impact on the well-being of birds. Innovations in housing designs prioritize the comfort and stress reduction of poultry. For example, improved ventilation systems help regulate temperature, humidity, and air quality, creating a more comfortable and stress-free environment for the birds. Companies like Venky’s in India have invested in state-of-the-art housing designs that prioritize the welfare of poultry. This leads to lower stress levels, better growth rates, and, consequently, improved product quality.
6. Big Data and Predictive Analytics: Companies like Suguna Foods and Venky’s use data analytics for informed decisions on feed consumption, housing conditions, and breeding efficiency. They also use predictive analytics to determine the right quantity of feed, water, and other resources needed at specific stages of poultry growth. This not only reduces resource wastage but also ensures that birds receive the necessary care and nutrition. Government initiatives, like the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology, promote technology adoption and predictive analytics in poultry farming to enhance productivity and reduce wastage.
7. Value addition: The Indian poultry industry has undergone significant growth and innovation due to changing consumer preferences and the demand for convenient, healthy, and value-added poultry products. Notably, many companies have introduced processed chicken products, meeting the demand for ready-to-eat options in urban areas. The application of technologies for the production of emulsified products like nuggets, patties, sausages, etc. has not only increased palatability but also reduced the cost of production and enhanced the nutritive value of food. Simultaneously, businesses like SKM Egg Products Export (India) Ltd. have developed innovative egg-based products such as egg powders, bakery mixes, and liquid eggs for use in the preparation of confectioneries and numerous other items. This increases the egg shelf life, reduces food preparation time, and minimizes waste. Furthermore, the introduction of vitamin-fortified eggs and poultry meat caters to health-conscious consumers while boosting the industry’s value. There are now vitamin A, vitamin B12, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids fortified eggs and poultry meat available in the market. This value addition also has a substantial economic impact by generating employment and contributing to India’s economic development. Additionally, it has opened doors to international markets, boosting exports and foreign exchange earnings.
8. Vertical Integration: Vertical integration is a significant trend in India’s poultry industry benefitting consumers with quality products and cost savings. For example, companies like Venky’s and Suguna Foods oversee breeding, production, and distribution, ensuring consistent quality and safety standards. This approach reduces reliance on middlemen and distributors, such as Suguna Foods’ ‘Farm Fresh’ retail chain, offering cost savings to both producers and consumers. Quality is a focus, with companies like Venky’s investing in research and development. Streamlined operations in vertical integration help control expenses, resulting in competitive prices for consumers. Consistency in product quality from start to finish builds trust with consumers.
9. Urbanization and changing consumer preferences: As more people move to urban areas, there is a growing demand for convenient and readily available sources of protein, boosting the popularity of chicken and eggs. The increasing awareness of the importance of a protein-rich diet and the convenience of poultry products have contributed to the industry’s growth. It is no surprise that chicken and eggs have found their place on tables across the diverse culinary traditions of India, uniting the nation in their consumption.
10. E-commerce: Innovative practices in e-commerce have not only transformed the way the industry operates but have also contributed to its growth and efficiency. For example, the emergence of online marketplaces and direct-to-consumer e-commerce platforms has allowed poultry farmers to reach a broader customer base. They can now sell their products directly to consumers, reducing the reliance on traditional middlemen and distribution networks. Furthermore, e-commerce platforms have facilitated the sale of live birds and fresh poultry products online, ensuring that consumers receive fresh and high-quality products. Companies like Licious and Zappfresh in India have harnessed e-commerce to offer a wide array of poultry products, ensuring convenience and quality for customers. Additionally, the integration of technology in the poultry sector through e-commerce has improved traceability and transparency in the supply chain. Consumers can track the source of their poultry products, which is crucial for food safety and quality assurance. Moreover, e-commerce has enabled poultry farmers to efficiently manage inventory and respond to market demand in real time. This dynamic adaptation to demand ensures that products do not go to waste, reducing overall losses in the industry. The increasing use of online payment methods and digital transactions in poultry e-commerce has also brought transparency to financial transactions, benefitting both farmers and consumers. This digital transformation has not only bolstered the industry but has also empowered poultry farmers to thrive in a rapidly changing market landscape.
11. Government Support: Government support has been vital in lifting India’s poultry industry. Notably, the National Livestock Mission (NLM) has played a key role in promoting sustainable livestock development, including poultry. This initiative has led to the creation of Integrated Poultry Development Projects (IPDPs), which fund modern infrastructure to meet the increasing demand. Government-led projects, such as the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Poultry Breeding under ICAR, have led to better chicken breeds, improved disease control, and higher-quality feed, making farming more efficient and profitable for farmers. Emphasizing the importance of feed quality, the government supports the production and distribution of nutritious feed through subsidies. These efforts strengthen the industry, uplift rural livelihoods, and ensure food security, solidifying India’s status as a global poultry leader.
12. Regulations: The poultry industry is rigorously regulated, with strict standards and guidelines governing various aspects such as animal welfare, food safety, and environmental protection. For instance, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of poultry products. FSSAI enforces food safety regulations, ensuring that poultry products meet stringent quality and safety standards. These regulations are instrumental in safeguarding public health and maintaining the industry’s integrity. In addition to food safety, regulations also cover animal welfare and environmental impact, ensuring responsible practices within the industry. In the present-day scenario, there’s a growing emphasis on responsible practices within the industry, driven by these regulations, which are not theoretical constructs but practical measures that ensure the industry’s credibility, protect the environment, and, most importantly, safeguard public health.

Unlocking the future

India’s poultry farming sector is in the midst of a remarkable transformation, driven by innovative technologies and practices. The integration of cutting-edge tools, such as automation, data analytics, and enhanced biosecurity, has ushered in an era of heightened efficiency, sustainability, and disease control. These advances position India’s poultry sector to meet the growing demand for high-quality protein, enhance food security, generate employment opportunities, and contribute to economic growth. We stand at the threshold of an exciting journey toward progress and modernization in the Indian poultry sector. When these ground-breaking technologies permeate the grassroots level, we can anticipate not just the expansion and refinement of the poultry industry but also an upliftment of our entire nation. The road ahead gleams with the promise of transformative growth and prosperity, signifying that our voyage toward modernizing and advancing poultry farming in India has only just begun.

References

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Innovative technology and practices transforming India’s poultry farming sectors

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