RAKSHAVAC- T: THE VACCINE TO FIGHT THE THEILERIOSIS
Ashish Rathore1, Amit Singh Vishen2 ⃰ and Yash Bhargava3
1Final Year Student of B.V.Sc. & A.H, C. V. Sc. & A. H., Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., India
2Guest Faculty, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, C. V. Sc. & A. H., Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, U.P., India
3M.V.Sc Scholar, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, India
*Corresponding author: E-mail: amitvishen56@gmail.com, Mobile No. 8299149215
Introduction:
Theileriosis is a haemoprotozoan disease that is caused by a T. annulata, T. parvo and T. mutans. Theileria annulata is the most extensively distributed parasite and causes tropical theileriosis. Theileriosis has a mortality rate of upto 50 to 70% in susceptible animals, particularly in exotic and crossbred cattle. The tick of genus hyaloma transmits the disease. In this disease there is swelling of the lymphnodes and lymphadenopathy of the lymphnodes occurs which can be observed during the clinical examination by palpation and also by visualization which includes prescapular, prefemoral and parotid also and a high fever upto 1060 F or 420 C during the full course of the disease. Animal also having marked ecchymotic or petechial hemorrhage on the mucosa of buccal cavity and conjunctiva. There may be froathy nasal discharge and certain neurological sign and haemorrhagic diarrhoea may be seen in the terminal stages.
National dairy development board`s (NDDB) untiring efforts in research has resulted in the development of a potent vaccine Rakshavac-T for prevention of Theileriosis. The vaccine is produced by Indian Immunologicals, a unit of the National Dairy Development Board using State-of-the-Art technology.
Rakshavac-T is a cell culture vaccine. Cattle immunized with Rakshavac-T can withstand the attack of the tick born theileriosis for a period of one year. It is advisable to vaccinate the animal then go through a prolonged treatment. Cattle immunized with Rakshavac-T can withstand the attack to the tick born theileriosis for a period of one year.
Rakshavac- T contains:
Attenuated schizont infected lymphoblasts
Indications:
Prophylaxis
For preventive vaccination against tropical Theileriosis [T. annulata infection] in cattle.
Direction for use:
Remove the vial from liquid nitrogen and thaw the vaccine concentrate in lukewarm (37° C) water. Transfer the thawed vaccine concentrate using a sterile needle and syringe to the corresponding vaccine diluent vial and mix gently.
Vaccine concentrate Vaccine diluent Reconstituted Dose
Pack size Volume (Volume) Volume (adults & calves)
2 Dose 1.0 ml 5.0 ml 6 ml 3 ml
5 Dose 2.5 ml 12.5 ml 15 ml 3 ml
Booster dose is not required.
Administration:
Before administration of the vaccine it is thawed after removing it from the liquid nitrogen in the lukewarm water at 370C and then it is transferred to the vaccine concentrate with the use of sterile needle and syringe to the corresponding vaccine diluent vial and mix it gently and the reconstituted vaccine is injected by subcutaneous route of administration.
1. Subcutaneous injection at mid neck region only.
2. Suitable age of vaccination is above 4 months.
Precaution:
1. Use the reconstituted vaccine immediately
2. Part use of the vial and re-storing in liquid nitrogen is not recommended.
3. Vaccination of animals in advanced stages of pregnancy should be avoided.
Post vaccination reactions:
1. Generally no adverse reactions are noticed.
2. A few of the vaccinated animals may develop mild pyrexia and slight enlargement of the nearest pre-scapular lymphnode anytime from day 8 to day 20 post vaccination.
Storage:
1. Vaccine concentrate should be stored in Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) till use.
2. The vaccine diluent should be stored in the cool and dark place.
3. Reconstituted vaccine should be used immediately and is not to be frozen for re-use.
Vaccination regimen: Yearly vaccination.
Presentation:
1. 2 dose and 5 dose polypropylene vials.
2. 5 ml and 12.5 ml vaccine diluent vials.
