POULTRY FARMING

RECORD KEEPING IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS

May 13, 2023

10085

RECORD KEEPING IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS

Even if maintaining a small flock, recordkeeping helps keep track of your expenses. It can aid in monitoring the progress of your flock. Records are important to the financial health of a business or operation. Efficient and profitable poultry operations are not guaranteed by good record keeping, but success is unlikely without them. Records are essential tools for management to maintain a successful flock. Recordkeeping involves keeping, filing, maintaining, and categorizing inventory, financial and production information for your flock. This can be accomplished by hand recording or by using computer software.

Recordkeeping is important. Records tell an owner or manager where the business/operation has been and the direction in which it is going. Records show the strength and weaknesses of the poultry operation. They provide useful insight to financial stability for your flock. If there are any shortcomings, records will show where adjustments can be made. Along with showing where adjustments can be made and being a good reference tool, there are several other purposes of recordkeeping.

For the good managements of poultry keeping, farmers are advised to update all records books accordingly. In case of a busy poultry farmer who hardly find time to record or go through the books, he must employ someone to do this task for him/her because it helps the farmer keep the track of everything that is going on among the birds and the farm at large.

One of the first steps in being a successful farm manager is keeping well-maintained, accurate records and establishing a sound record-keeping system. Keeping accurate records has its benefits, like helping farmers plan and complete realistic forecasting for the next year.

The Importance Of Keeping Poultry Records

If you’re thinking of starting a poultry flock, you’ll also want to know the importance of keeping poultry records to help you plan your operations. You’ll want to know how much feed your birds are getting, how often they are eating, and if they’re gaining weight.

Poultry farms are a great way to make money on a small scale. But it takes a lot of hard work and dedication to keep things running smoothly. There are a lot of different aspects to managing a farm, and you need to be on top of them all if you want to be successful.The first thing you need to do is to keep good poultry records. Record keeping is the foundation of any good poultry operation. As the owner of a poultry farm, it is your job to manage your flock to ensure its health and safety. The importance of keeping poultry records cannot be over-emphasized. By keeping a record of feed, water, medicine, and other items used on your farm, you can keep track of what happens to your chickens and how well they are doing. In addition, a good record-keeping system helps you manage your flock and improves your overall management skills.

What Is Record Keeping?

Record keeping is taking notes about what happens on your farm. This includes recording information, such as feed, water, medicine, and other items used on your farm. It also includes documenting any problems or events that happen on your farm.You can use many types of records. For example, you can write notes in a notebook, use an electronic spreadsheet, or even use a computer program to keep track of your records.If you have never kept records before, you may wonder what type of records you should keep. The best way to figure out what you should keep is to think about what you want to know. For example, if you want to know what happened to your chickens when they were sick, you will need to keep a record of their health. In addition, you can use this information to help plan for future needs.

The first step in keeping records is deciding what information you want to collect. You may want to keep track of:

Your flock’s general health and performance
What diseases and parasites are affecting your birds
How much food and water does each bird gets
The medications you give your birds
The time each bird spends outside
The date of birth and death of each bird
The date you put each bird into the flock

The goal of a good record keeper is to collect enough information to make informed decisions about your flock’s health and well-being. This makes it easier to identify problems early on, giving you a better chance of treating illnesses and avoiding losses because of sickness and death.

Purposes of Records

Measure profit and access the financial feasibility of the business/operation.
Provides data for business/operation analysis.
Assists in obtaining loans.
Measure the profitability of individual operation.
Assist in analysis of new investments.
Help prepare income tax returns.

Records assist in avoiding management problems, helping prevent potential problems with your flock. More so, producers are being encouraged to keep accurate records about the activities on their farms due to increasing environmental concerns. Farm records consist of three distinct categories: inventory, financial, and production records. All records are used to compile useful information that is used in record analysis for an individual operation or the entire business. Records are only useful when maintained and categorized correctly.

What should be recorded?

The needs and size of your small flock will determine the type of records you as an owner or manager should keep. Financial statements are an intricate part of recordkeeping. As a general rule of thumb, the larger the enterprise, the more detailed records and financial statements should be kept. Regardless of flock size, records should always be kept up-to-date. Examples of financial statements include:

Flock Management Plan
Balance Sheet
Farm Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flow
Poultry Enterprise Budget

Other records that should be kept along with financial records include:

Where, when, and types of birds acquired
Poultry Registration Papers
Age and number of birds in each flock
Vaccination dates
Vaccine expiration dates

Methods of Recordkeeping

Traditionally, growers have kept records by hand. In many cases, a hand recording system is still useful for many growers. Yet, the use of computers and computer software has expanded on farms in recent years because of better record accuracy. The farm manager decides on the system that best fits his/her situation. Advantages to both hand records and computer records are listed below;

Hand-Recording System

low initial out-of-pocket expense
easy to start
requires only pencil & paper

Computer Recording System

more accurate & faster retract
tax deductible as an expense
much easier to create analysis

Why is record keeping so crucial in poultry?

Here are seven reasons record-keeping is essential to a successful poultry operation:

It Enhances Decision Making

Keeping accurate records will ensure you can provide evidence of all decisions made on the farm. Frequently, poultry farmers find themselves in a position where they cannot voice their opinion about their farms.

Even the most experienced poultry farmer will tell you it is near impossible to remember events that occurred months or years ago with no records to provide backing. Poultry farmers should be diligent in record keeping to keep track of their daily activities.

Poultry farming record keeping is important because it strengthens your farm’s integrity. If someone decides to challenge your decisions or legitimacy, poultry farming record-keeping will provide evidence to support your decisions. Maintaining poultry farming records also provides insight into how your farm is progressing.

It helps you plan

It is essential to keep daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly records of all farm activities as well as the activities of workers to evaluate individual performance. Record keeping is a useful tool for a successful poultry business.

It helps you keep track of your costs

By recording how much feed you’re using, you’ll be able to keep track of your costs. This will help you to keep track of your expenses and identify where you might spend too much money. Also, record-keeping is essential for tax purposes. You’ll need to keep track of your expenses and income. This is important for calculating your tax return.

It helps you spot problems

Record keeping will help you spot problems early on. You’ll be able to see if your birds are getting sick or not eating. This can help you avoid problems before they become serious. You’ll want to keep a close eye on your birds’ feed consumption because this will allow you to spot problems early on to know if your birds aren’t eating enough, or if they’re not gaining weight.

It strengthens your farm’s integrity

Poultry farming record keeping is important because it strengthens your farm’s integrity. If someone challenges your decisions or legitimacy, poultry farming record-keeping will provide evidence to support your decisions. Maintaining poultry farming records also provides insight into how your farm is progressing.It is essential to keep daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly records of all farm activities and activities of workers to evaluate individual performance. Record keeping is a useful tool for a successful poultry business.

For Monitoring and Evaluation

It is the history of the past and the present of an organization. We can use it for forecasting, planning, and decision-making. From field experience, most poultry farmers don’t keep records at all while some keep incomplete or inaccurate records. Accurate record-keeping is necessary to monitor and evaluate performance in the poultry business.

Profitability Analysis

Record keeping can be beneficial, including enhancing profitability in a poultry farming operation. It can keep track of how many birds you sold, what the average weight was, and how many eggs you produced. It can determine how many birds you need for the next breeding season. Record keeping can help with the overall success of the business.

Characteristics of a good poultry record.

A record will become useful only if it has the following characteristics.

It must be timely in the recording.
It must be meaningful in the presentation
You must date it by month and year otherwise such a record may not be useful in the future for us for prediction and forecasting
It must be accurate and unaltered. Sometimes, mortality is recorded when they have not occurred all these dishonest practices that entrepreneurs must guard against such faulty records may not serve the purpose of good management.

Classification of Records

Poultry records are classified into three major categories.

Production record.
Management records.
Financial records.

Production records are essential for tracking birds’ performance. Production records should include the date, opening stock, mortality, closing stock, egg production percentage egg production, feed consumed per bird, water consumed per bird medication, and vaccination among others two.
Management record is a record that documents all activities that revolve around the birds, such as transportation of the birds, quantity received, deworming of the birds, debeaking of the birds, beak trimming, and many others.
The financial record is documentation of all the financial transactions of the farm, such as expenditure and income. It includes the cost of inputs, such as the cost of the day-old chicks, the cost of replacement pullets, the cost of medication, depreciation, the cost of housing and equipment, etc.

SYSTEM OF KEEPING POULTRY RECORDS.

There are two ways to record store and retrieve information. These are the manual record system and the electronic records system.

The manual record system records information using the traditional method of record-keeping that involves the use of pen and paper. It is easy to do as long as the person taking the record has some level of literacy.
The electronic record system includes the use of computer spreadsheets, electronic mail, tablets, and phones to keep records.

The system of record-keeping adopted by every farm depends on their individual preference. Therefore, irrespective of the system poultry must adopt, the system should be easy to access. It should be reliable, functional, and easy to handle.

Advantages of record-keeping to determine profitability

To evaluate management efficiency
For prediction and forecast
To determine profitability
For prudent financial decisions
To contain the spread of diseases
For performance evaluation
For financial audit and loan facility.

Types of Poultry Record

The records you keep depend on the type of poultry farm you have. For example, if you raise only chickens, you will need to keep records of how much feed each chicken gets and how much water each chicken drinks. If you raise chickens and turkeys together, you will need to keep records of how much feed each turkey gets and how much water each turkey drinks.

Examples of poultry record

Some records being kept in the poultry enterprise are Sales records, Raw materials inventory records, and Production records, i.e. the chicks, growers, layers, etc. Others are financial records, records of staff, Records of disease outbreaks, etc.

Mortality record.

This shows the number of birds on the farm. It is also called the flock record.

Egg production record.

It is vital to record all eggs produced daily to determine the flock performance and you can summarize this when required.

Feed Consumption Record.

The record of feed consumption is essential for calculating the efficiency of the conversion of feed to eggs or flesh. This is known as the feed conversion ratio.

Egg quality record.

Without a record of egg quality, the egg production record is incomplete. The combination of production and quality is a deciding factor in the magnitude of the profit margin. Records assist in the detection of management errors that might give rise to egg quality defects.

Other records are:

Staff nominal role
Vaccination/medication records.
Depreciation records.
Sales records.
Miscellaneous items record.
Records of disease outbreaks

Types of Poultry Records

Farm Records
Egg records
Stock records
Selling records
Financial records
Mortality records

Poultry Record Board

Below is an example of what a poultry record board should look like in your poultry farm:

Date——————————————————–

House nos:———————————————–

Breeds:—————————————————-

Date Hatched:——————————————–

Mortality for Today:————————————-

Mortality for the Month:——————————–

Culled/Supplied for marketing:———————–

Balance for today:—————————————

Balance for the Month:———————————

Poultry Attendants:————————————–

Now the content on each form is as follows:

Date: you must keep the date of an incident regarding birds. for exampl: date bought, date sold, date treated, date died etc.

House nos: if the poultry houses are many, care should be taken to note the particular house by identifying them with numbers where a bird or more are removed either to the market for sale, consumption, gift, treatment, transfer or any other reasons.

Breeds: Farmers should know the types of breeds her or she is raising.

Date Hatched: you should know the date your baby chicks were hatched.

Mortality for Today: you should take the records of birds that have died for the day and monthly records must be taken also.Birds may die either from sickness or mismanagement.

Culled: This is concerned with the number of birds taken out of the house. Birds could be culled either for the fears that they may transfer diseases, given out as gift or supplied for marketing.

Whether taken away for one reason or the other, it must enter into the record books.

Balance for today: You should take records of the remaining birds in the farm daily and monthly records must be taken also.

Poultry Attendants: The names of the attendants in each of the houses must be known and written in the record board, it must enter into the record books accordingly.

DIFFERENT RECORD KEEPING FORMS USED IN POULTRY PRODUCTION.

Whenever you begin a record keeping system, you must learn about the information requested on each form.
1. Mortality(death) of birds – every day a record should be taken of any birds that did not survive.
2. Feed used – daily records need to be taken on the quantity of feed fed to

birds.

Cost – Financial records must be kept of any items bought or sold, e.g. feed, veterinary costs, equipment, supplies, birds, etc.

Vaccinations – Specific vaccinations may be needed, depending on the bird and location of production facility. An accurate record must be kept to insure sufficient withdrawal times.
Hens removed – Periodically hens must be removed from the flock when their productivity is too low. Be sure to keep record of which bird, when she was removed, and the reason for removal.
Eggs produced – Eggs must be collected and recorded daily. Be sure to include any inconsistency noticed.

Application: Application can involve one or more of the following activities using:

Brooding Record

Pullet Growing Record

Monthly Laying Flock Record

BROODING RECORD

Date chicks started: ________ No. chicks started: ________ Breed or cross: _______

Mortality (number of chicks that died)

Week	Sun	Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Total
1^st
2^nd
3^rd
4^th
5^th
6^th
7^th
8^th
9^th
10^th

Total: _________

Feed Used

Chick starter _______kg Cost ________NGN Cost of fuel ________

Grower _______kg Cost ________NGN Cost of chicks ________

Broiler Feed _______kg Cost ________NGN Cost of feed ________

Other _______kg Cost ________NGN Other ________

TOTAL _______kg Cost ________NGN Total________

Chicks dead to end of brooding period _________

Weight of feed used per chick started __________

Weight of feed used per chick raised ___________

Income (birds sold or used as broilers)__________

Expenses ________________________________

Net profit or loss ____________________

BROODING RECORD

Date chicks started: April 1 No. chicks started: 50 Breed or cross: local grown

Mortality (number of chicks that died)

Week	Sun	Mon	Tue	Wed	Thu	Fri	Sat	Total
1^st			1		1			2
2^nd							1	1
3^rd								0
4^th	1			1		1		3
5^th								0
6^th				2				2
7^th		1						1
8^th			1					1
9^th					1			1
10^th						1		1

Total: _12______

PULLET GROWING RECORD

(Starts at 10^th week and ends at the completion of week first eggs were laid)

Number of birds at 10 weeks ___________

Mortality (number of pullets that died)

10^th week __________ 16^th week __________ 22^nd week __________

11^th week __________ 17^th week __________ 23^rd week __________

12^th week __________ 18^th week __________ 24^th week __________

13^th week __________ 19^th week __________ 25^th week __________

14^th week __________ 20^th week __________

15^th week __________ 21^st week __________ TOTAL __________

Vaccination Record

Date	Fowl Pox	Bronchitis	Newcastle	Cost

Total Cost of Vaccination __________

Weight Feed Used

	Grower	Other	Cost
10^th week
11^th week
12^th week
13^th week
14^th week
15^th week
16^th week
17^th week
18^th week
19^th week
20^th week
21^st week
22^nd week
23^rd week
24^th week
25^th week

Total Feed Costs ____________________

Number of birds that died during growing period __________

Weight per pullet for the growing period __________

Brooding costs __________

Pullet growing costs __________

Total cost to date __________

MONTHLY LAYING FLOCK RECORD

Date hens started to lay __________ Number hens at start of laying __________

Number hens that died or were removed from the flock

1^st month ____________________ 7^th month ____________________

2^nd month ____________________ 8^th month ____________________

3^rd month ____________________ 9^th month ____________________

4^th month ____________________ 10^th month ___________________

5^th month ____________________ 11^th month ___________________

6^th month ____________________ 12^th month ___________________

Eggs Produced

	Monthly Totals	Egg Sales
1^st month
2^nd month
3^rd month
4^th month
5^th month
6^th month
7^th month
8^th month
9^th month
10^th month
11^th month
12^th month

Feed Used Cost

Layer ________kg ________

Oyster shell ________kg ________

Other ________kg ________

Total ________kg ________

Feed per hen for period __________

Average number eggs per hen

Total egg sales _______

Total costs at start of lay _______

Feed & other costs during lay _______

Total _______ profit or loss _______

(Include in your records the value of all eggs used at home. Calculate value based on retail market price at time of use.)

What is it to keep records?

To keep records is simply to collect relevant information that can help you to take good decisions and to keep track of activities, production and important events on a farm. Records can be about any performance of the animals, economic development, or any activity of the farmer or veterinarian.

It is important to keep record keeping simple, and to keep records systematic. If records should be of use for the farmer, than they must be complete (none missing), they should be true (collected carefully). When record can’t be trusted because they are not complete or true, time should not be spent on it at all.

The records can:

Be used in determining profitability of various techniques used at the farm
Be used to keep your memory on what you did and/or what happened
Be used in decision making, especially on a strategic level
Be used to compare the efficiency of use of inputs, such as land, labour and capital, for example when implementing a new / alternative systems
Help the farmer / investor in improving the efficiency of farm’s operations

The real value is to support the farmer and the advisors to keep track and take decisions. Too often, records are only kept for the purpose of official reporting, e.g. to the Ministry headquarters for the parasitical and not used as a tool on the farm/ranch for making the decision in time.

The records should be simple, easy and quick to interpret, and then they can be supplemented with remarks which can explain some unusual events or findings.

What can records be used for?

If a farmer wants to build a financially successful livestock enterprise, record keeping is a must. The records can be used to further develop the farm and the herd, and thereby the sector in the country.

For many farmers, it helps to think of their farm as a business, and to see that good care and good management actually also influences the production and profitability of the farm.

Records are important in (animal) farming because:

To keep track of all animals (Identification records)
Evaluation of livestock for selection (breeding records; financial records; production records)
Control of inbreeding and aid in breeding planning (breeding records)
Aid in selecting animals with the right characteristics for breeding (production, health, feed efficiency) to improve the herd or flock
To rationalize labour
Aids in feed planning and management
Aids in disease management; keeping track about treatment (disease records)
Aids in finding the effective treatments
To assess profitability/losses (financial records)
Improves bargaining power on products, because you can see the investment and the price of the production (financial records)
Credit/loan access (financial records)

How Proper Record Keeping can Assist your Poultry Farming Business Growth

(1) It may be a requirement

Lenders, government agencies, insurance companies and others often require detailed and well-maintained records of the farm’s income and expenditure before giving out loans to farmers.

(2) Better farm planning and forecasting

Farming is a business and good farm record-keeping helps the farmer plan and do realistic forecasting. Record-keeping provides valuable information on which methods work. The farmer can better predict price changes of inputs and produce from expenditures and sales records kept from previous years.

(3) Track income and expenditure

By keeping accurate records, at any time of reconciliation, the farmer can report the correct amount of money spent or gained from the farm. This helps for proper planning and budgeting.

(4) Better management of a farm

Someone who keeps records on seed germination rates of seeds purchased is in a better position to select seeds for seasons. In the case of livestock, the farm should keep records of bloodlines, pests, disease, feed types and consumption. These records help to prevent inbreeding, control pests and disease and provide the bets feed for optimum performance.

Poultry Farm Records Maintenace

Record maintenance is a crucial activity in any business. It will serve as important source for monitoring and evaluation.
A business can be efficiently managed, only if proper recording of data is carried out periodically.
The records maintained are primarily a documentation of accountability and secondarily a data system for management. They should be reliable and relevant. This relevant information, when recorded, should be made available at any time.
Records should be simple, easy to understand, without repetition; but must provide all the needed information.
The records should be able to clearly state, where and how the enterprise stands.
The history of the record will provide the entrepreneur, a clear picture of all mistakes made in the past and to be avoided in future.
The records are necessary to study the production performance, and check whether it meets the prescribed standards.
Records should provide information for future planning, changes and expansions, if any.
In general, farm records can be broadly classified under two categories.
- - Production/ Technical records
  - Financial records
The nature of the records varies, based on the type and volume of the enterprise.
Irrespective of the type and size of enterprises, the basic records to be maintained are as follows:

Attendance and daily wages register
This deals with the number of persons employed daily and wages dispersed to them; including the stamped acquaintance.

Building Registers

This deals with the various farm buildings and other civil works like well, fencing, roads etc.
In this register one has to maintain the petty repairs and expenditure incurred for their maintenance.
Moreover, the annual depreciation on buildings should also be worked out every year.
After deducting the annual depreciation, the actual worth of the buildings should be brought forward for various accounting purposes.

Equipment Register

This includes various farm equipment machineries like feed mill, vehicles, cages, incubators, feeders, waterers etc.
The date, source, number and cost of purchase of equipment must be recorded.
The repairs carried out along with the details of repairs also must be indicated.
The annual depreciation should be calculated for equipment and the actual post-depreciation value for equipment must be brought forward for the next year.

Feed and feed ingredient register

Feed is the major item of expenditure in poultry production. Hence, much care should be exercised in maintaining this register.
Few pages must be allotted for each feed ingredient of the feed.
For each of these items, the opening balance, receipts, issues, storage loss, manufacturing cost and the closing balance has to be maintained.
In the remarks column, the source of purchase, invoice number and date and cost per unit must be indicated.
Since the feed ingredient prices vary frequently, the actual ingredient cost for each batch of feed mixed must be taken into account, for accurate calculation.

Feed additives and medicines register

This register keeps track of the various feed additives, medicines, vaccines, disinfectants, chemicals purchased and utilized.
The opening balance, receipts, issues, closing balance and a remarks column must be maintained for each item.
In the remarks column, the invoice number, date, cost and source of each purchase have to be indicated.

Petty items or miscellaneous purchase/ expenditure register

In this register, all miscellaneous purchases like tools, stationary, bulbs, nails etc. and other day-to-day expenditure has to be recorded and a monthly and annual consolidated report has to be prepared to calculate miscellaneous expenditure.
In addition to the above mentioned common registers, the following specific registers have to be maintained, depending on the nature of the farm and type of enterprise.

Layer farm register

For each batch, the production performance register has to be maintained from day one to disposal; with the following columns.
Date, age in days, opening balance of birds, mortality, feed issued, feed/ bird/ day, eggs produced, % Hen-day egg production, Feed/ egg and remarks.
The remarks column should deal with date of vaccinations, debeaking, medication, post-mortem report if any, sale of culled birds and any other relevant information.
A separate book has to be maintained for each batch from day one to disposal, so that batch wise economics can be calculated.

Egg out turn register

This is a consolidated record of egg turnover by all batches maintained in the farm at a time.
This will take into account the eggs produced by all the batches of layers in the farm.
This register consists of the following columns namely: Date, opening balance of eggs, eggs produced, sold, and closing balance of eggs and remarks.
Number and sale price of the pullet eggs and broken saleable eggs may also be maintained.
Moreover, the day-to-day sale price of eggs must be recorded daily.
The monthly and annual consolidated report, indicating the volume and value of the total eggs turnover may be furnished.

Broiler farm records

For broiler farms, batch wise performance sheet has to be maintained, with the following columns.
Before the regular columns, the batch number, source of chicks, number of paid and free chicks received, date of hatch, cost per chick and strain, have to be recorded.
The regular data to be recorded are date, age in days, opening balance of birds, mortality, total feed issued and remarks.
In the remarks column the medication and vaccination details, cause of death may be indicated.
These regular columns should continue up to 56 days; but recording should be done until the date of sale.
Below these regular columns the following particulars like total live body weight of birds sold, number of birds sold, per cent mortality, total feed consumed, feed conversion ratio, cost of feed, sale price of broilers sold, cost of chicks and miscellaneous cost (electricity, labour, medicine, vaccination, fuel etc) have to be recorded.
Based on the above data, the actual cost of production/ kg live weight and the profit/ loss incurred for that batch has to be calculated.

Breeder farm records

The records will be similar to that of the layer farm. However, one more column, namely the number of hatching eggs produced daily has to be included in the batch wise performance and egg out turn register.

Hatchery records

The hatchery should maintain a register similar to that of egg out turn register but with some modified columns as follows:

Date, opening balance, receipts, settings, discards and sales, chicks produced, chicks sold, chicks discarded, free chicks and remarks.

Batch wise hatchery sheet

This may be maintained, to provide the following information.
Serial setting number, number of eggs set, type of eggs, strain, source of eggs, number of eggs discarded, number of eggs transferred to hatcher, number of good chicks hatched, number of weak chicks, number of pullet chicks (in case of egg-type only), number of male chicks and mode of disposal, per cent total hatchability and per cent fertility.

Chick out turn and disposal register

This register consists of strain wise chick out turn and disposal particulars, consisting of date, opening balance of chicks, chicks hatched, chicks sold, chicks used for own purpose, chicks discarded, chicks given as free margin, closing balance, price per chick and remarks.
The remarks column should have the Marek’s disease vaccination and other particulars.

Feed mill record

The feed mill registers will be similar to the general registers discussed above but with more details about individual feed ingredients.
Instead of maintaining few pages for each ingredient and feed in the same register, a separate register has to be maintained for each ingredient and feed.
An extra column showing the feed ingredient shortage due to storage, grinding and mixing loss has to be indicated at the expiry of each batch or lot received or mixed.
More over, the remarks column must indicate the source of purchase, bill number, unit price and mode of payment, in case of feeding ingredient.

In case of different feeds prepared – to whom sold, quality, rate per unit, invoice number and mode of receipt should be indicated.

In conclusion, a poultry record system is an important tool for the effective management of poultry enterprises. It is therefore necessary that the farmer keeps a record of all the important aspects of his/her poultry business. Many types of records that are needed in the poultry industry can be kept manually or electronically.

Compiled & Shared by- Team, LITD (Livestock Institute of Training & Development)

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Reference-On Request.

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