by Dr. Amandeep Singh
S.No. Disease Causative oragnism Symptoms Treatment If not treated, animal dies in Prevention Zoonotic Risk
1. Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Sudden death, trembling, high temperature, difficult breathing, collapse and convulsions After death blood may not clot. Penicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin. often within 2 or 3 hours Raksha Anthrax 1ml s/c or i/m 1 month before the disease usually occurs. Yes
2. Black Quarter (BQ) Clostridium chauvoei Fever, the affected limb feel hot to the touch, the limb usually swells lameness occur, the area seems to crackle under pressure. Penicillin and its derivatives. 12-24 hours Raksha BQ, Raksha HS+BQ, Raksha Triovac
(2ml deep i/m)
No
3. Haemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) Pasteurella multocida Fever, increased respiration rate (40–50/minute), laboured breathing, clear nasal discharge, salivation and submandibular oedema spreading to the pectoral (brisket) region and even to the forelegs, lastly recumbency, continued acute respiratory distress and terminal septicaemia. Streptopenicillin, oxytetracycline. Few hours to 3-5 days. Raksha HS, Raksha HS+BQ, Raksha Triovac, Raksha Biovac
(2ml deep i/m)
No
4. Calf scour E. coli, Rota and Corona Virus, some protozoa and fungi. Watery stools that may be brown, grey, green, yellow in color. Occasionally blood and mucus may be evident in the stools, sunken-eyed appearance as a result of dehydration, calves may stagger or sway as they walk. Oral and intravenous fluids, antibiotics. death typically occurs within 24 hours Feed colostrum to calves, maintain hygiene in the farm, adopt proper vaccination schedule. Depends on causative agent
5. Mastitis Multiple agents The udder such as swelling, heat, hardness, redness, or pain; and
The milk such as a watery appearance, flakes, clots, or pus.
If only one quarter is involved: Intra-mammary antibiotics.
If >1 quarter is affected, systemic antibiotics.
Only if septicemia occurs Teats must be dipped in germicide after each milking, maintain hygiene in the farm, individual cloth/paper towels should be used to wash/dry teats, milkers should have clean hands and wear latex gloves. Depends on causative agent
6. Rinderpest Morbilivirus Initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and nasal and eye discharges. Subsequently, irregular erosions appear in the mouth, the lining of the nose, and the genital tract. Acute diarrhea, preceded by constipation, is also a common feature. Fluid therapy and antibiotics to check secondary bacterial infections. Within 6 days. Recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine, wild type PPR vaccine. No
7. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Apthovirus High fever that declines rapidly after two or three days, blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling, and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness. Swelling in the testicles of mature males, and milk production decline significantly in cows. Fluid therapy and antibiotics to check secondary bacterial infections. Young animals below 6 months die within 2 days Raksha FMD, Raksha Triovac, Raksha Biovac
(2ml deep i/m)
Yes but rare
8. Milk Fever Nutritional deficiency of Calcium Loss of appetite, excitability, nervousness, hypersensitivity, weakness, weight shifting, shuffling of hind feet, finally recumbancy. The affected animal turn its head into its flank or may extend its head. Intravenous Calcium supplementation along with phosphorous and dextrose. Animal die of recumbancy, muscle necrosis and septicemia. Proper dietary management, close attention to mineral and fiber levels in the diet prior to calving. No
9. Ringworm Trichophyton verrucosum Grey-white areas of skin with an ash like surface, usually circular in outline and slightly raised, size of lesions very variable, can become very extensive
In calves most commonly found around eyes, on ears and on back, in adult cattle chest and legs more common.
Treatment takes long time and iodine, sodium hypochlorite, captan, miconazole, tolnaftate, and clotrimazole can be used. Animal do not die generally. The environment is a major source of infective fungi. Effective control of ringworm will only occur if the environment is properly cleaned and disinfected. This must be done between each batch of animals. Yes
10. Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) Mycobacterium bovis Emaciation, lethargy, weakness, anorexia, low grade fever, pneumonia with chronic moist cough with swollen lymph nodes. Isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin. Treatment is uneconomical in case of Bovine TB. 8-12 weeks Controlling the disease by whole herd skin testing, slaughter surveillance and monitoring the movement of animals between herds. Yes
