TREATMENT PROTOCOL FOR LUMPY SKIN DISEASE
Dr. S. KRISHNA KUMAR, MVSc., PhD.,
Assistant professor of Veterinary Preventive Medicine &
Dr. M. RANJITH KUMAR, MVSc., PhD.
Assistant professor of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a Trans boundary, infectious. Eruptive, occasionally fatal disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Capripox virus from the poxviridae family . Sometimes the prototype strain is also termed as Neething virus . Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is characterized by development of different sized nodular skin lesion including fever . The disease is transmitted mechanically by arthropod vectors . The virus is highly host specific and does not have zoonotic aspect. There is no sex and age predilection . Lumpy skin disease (LSD) first reported in 1929 at Zambia . But during the past few years this disease has spread through the Middle East into Southest Europe, Southest Russia and Western Asia . After the monsoon in India, humidity becomes very high during moist weather which is directly related with vector abundance . Morbidity of this disease are greatly varies ranges from 3 to 85% in different epizootic areas. In endemic areas morbidity is around 10% and mortality varies between 1-3% but in the condition of outbreak it may reaches up to 40%. This is an economically important disease of cattle and buffalo causes chronic debility in the infected animal, severe or permanent damage of hides due to skin nodules, severe emaciation, marked decreased of milk production and in some cases death of the infected animal . The treatment of LSD is supportive to prevent the secondary bacterial infection with antibiotics and in dressing of the lesions to prevent fly strike .
STAGE I
| Clinical signs | Skin lesions with nodules seen in few places /all over body. All vital parameters and appetite also normal. |
| Treatment | v Inj.Vitamin AD3E -10 ml IM
v Inj.Vitamin C – 20 ml intravenous route v Inj.Acylovir Acyclovir injection 1.0 g intravenous route v Follow up with oral dose of 10 mg / kg body weight for 5 days. (Tab.Acivir) v Application of Ointment like Acylovir ointment, (Ointment Aciv 5%w/w ) neem oil with turmeric powder, Ointment. Cholrhexidine with Cetrimide |
STAGE II
| Clinical signs | Skin lesions with nodules with wound. Wound will be superficial/deep seated which includes muscle layer, nodules in few places /all over body with normal appetite. All vital parameters and appetite also normal. |
| Treatment | v I nj.Vitamin AD3E -10 ml IM
v Inj.Vitamin C – 20 ml IV v Inj.Aclovir 500mg X 2 vials slow intravenous route v On wound apply ointment with Acylovir, v Oil of turpentine, neem oil with turmeric, Chlorhexidine + Cetrimide ointment |
STAGE III
| Clinical signs | Skin lesions with nodules / wound noticed in few places /all over body. Edema seen in brisket and limb with poor/ no appetite, high fever, respiratory distress and occasionally downer in nature. |
| Treatment | v Inj.Certrioxane sodium 4.5 grm IV WITH Sulpha trimethoprim bolus orally (Bol.Biotrim DS) 2 nos evening only
v If purulent discharge persist add Inj.Tylosin 10 mg per kg body weight IM for four days SID v Inj.Acylovir Acyclovir injection 1.0 g intravenous follow up with oral dose of 10 mg / kg body weight for 5 days. (Tab.Acivir ) v Inj.Lanoxin 0.5 mg – 2 ml ampules. The dose 10 ml (2.5 mg) by slow intravenous route v Lasix 20 ml (1grm). – slow IV route, If Lasix used – Liq.Pot chlor 200 ml twice daily orally v Inj.Vitamin AD3E -10 ml IM |
| v Inj.Vitamin C – 20 ml intravenous route
v On wound apply ointment with Acylovir (Ointment Aciv 5%w/w ) neem oil with turmeric powder, Ointment. Cholrhexidine with cetrimide |
|
| Supplements | v Give rumen bypass protein khurak powder 50-100 grms orally/
v Preparation of bye pass protein at field level – For every one kg of Ground nut oil cake powder add 1 ml of Formaldehyde. v Advise Liq.Protin C 100 ml twice daily orally |
STAGE IV
| Clinical signs | Skin lesions with nodules seen in few places /all over body. Edema noticed in brisket and limb extensively/ Prominently with poor/ no appetite with high fever, respiratory distress / purulent nasal discharge and downer. |
| Treatment | v Inj.Certrioxane sodium 4.5 grm IV WITH Sulpha trimethoprim bolus orally (Bol.Biotrim DS) 2 nos evening only
v If purulent discharge persist add Inj.Tylosin 10 mg per kg body weight IM for four days SID v Inj.Acylovir injection 1.0 g intravenous route v Follow up with oral dose of 10 mg / kg body weight for 5 days. (Tab.Acivir) v Inj.Lanoxin 0.5 mg – 2 ml ampules. The dose of 10 ml (2.5 mg) by strict slow intravenous route v Lasix 20 ml (1grm). Intravenous route If Lasix used – Liq.Pot chlor 200 ml twice daily orally v Inj.Vitamin AD3E -10 ml IM v Inj.Vitamin C – 20 ml Intravenous route v On wound apply ointment with Acylovir, (Ointment Aciv 5%w/w) neem oil with turmeric powder, Ointment. Cholrhexidine with Cetrimide |
| Supplements | v Give rumen bypass protein – Khurak powder 50-100 grms orally
v Preparation of bye pass protein at field level – For every one kg of Ground nut oil cake powder add 1 ml of Formaldehyde. v Advise Liq.Protin C 100 ml twice daily orally |
| Bio Security & Prophylactic Measures | v Avoid water stagnation near the animals
v Avoid flies/ticks v Avoid manure storage nearby animals |
| v Advice balanced feed | |
| v Use bleaching powder in the farm premises | |
| v Apply lemon essence over the wound and nodules | |
| v Give lemon essence (5 nos) orally | |
| v Use flame to sanitize soil and farm premises | |
| v Use Inj.Ivermectin @200mcg/kg b wt for near by apparently healthy animals |
