ZOONOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CATTLE- AN OVERVIEW
By -KIROUCHENDRAJI SANDHIYA M.V.Sc scholar (Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology) at Kerela veterinary and animal science university
MANIVASAGAM VIGNESH M.V.Sc. scholar (Veterinary Biotechnology) at Indian Veterinary Research Institute
INTRODUCTION
Zoonosis disease is an infectious disease which is caused by many pathogens such as bacteria, parasite, virus or prion which can be transmitted from vertebrate to humans or viceversa
CAUSES FOR ZOONOTIC DISEASE
The main cause for zoonosis are domestication, consumption of animals or animal derivatives, companionship, trading, farming, butchering, hunting, deforestation, biodiversity loss, environment degradation, climate change
ZOONOTIC DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CATTLE
Etiology: Bacillus anthracis
Transmission: Ingestion, inhalation or skin contact with spores
- BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY–
Etiology: Prions
Transmission: Ingestion of infected meat
- BRUCELLOSIS
Etiology: Brucella sp.
Transmission: Infected milk or meat
- CRIMEAN CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Etiology: Nairovirus
Transmission: Tick bite, contact with body fluids
- CRYPTOSPORIDIASIS
Etiology: Cryptosporidium sp.
Transmission: Ingestion of cyst from water contaminated with faeces
- FASCIOLIASIS
Etiology: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica
Transmission: Ingestion of contaminated plants
- GIARDIASIS
Etiology: Giardia lambi
Transmission: Ingestion of spores and cysts in food and water contaminated with faeces
- LEPTOSPIROSIS
Etiology: Leptospira interrogans
Transmission: Direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals
- RIFT VALLEY FEVER
Etiology: Phlebovirus
Transmission: Mosquito bite, contact with bodily fluids, blood, tissues, breathing around butchered animals.
- TUBERCULOSIS
Etiology: Mycobacterium bovis
Transmission: milk, exhaled air, sputum, urine, faeces and pus of infected animals
PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ZOONOSIS
Prevention at animal level
- Avoid animal to animal contact
- Prevention of disease at airborne level
- From mother when animal is born
- By food and water source
- By insect’s bite
- Through mating
Some general practices to prevent infection of animals
- Remove faeces immediately
- Avoid overcrowding
- Don’t mix animals with infected animals
- Well ventilated space should be maintained
- Careful burial of carcasses
- By vaccination
- Sick/ unhealthy animals should not be vaccinated
- Maintenance of goof hygiene
- Control of waste and rain water
- Report all the suspected sick animals immediately
- Disinfect the premises
- Keep visitor very limited
